12th Grade Math Curriculum (2024)

We at Time4Learning view ourselves as partners with parents in ensuring that students finish high school with the skills they need to be successful in college level courses. For mathematics, in particular, that means providing a standards-based, college-prep program that is focused on the major math concepts while using many different types of multimedia tools to engage students and inspire a greater interest in mathematics.

On this page you will discover what 12th graders should know in math, learn more about the general 12th grade math objectives, and find out how Time4Learning’s grade 12 math curriculum helps homeschool families achieve their goals for this important year of education.

  • What Math Should a 12th Grader Take?
  • Objectives for High School 12th Grade Math
  • Why Choose Time4Learning Twelfth Grade Math Homeschool Curriculum?
  • Additional 12th Grade Homeschool Resources

Which Math Courses Should a 12th Grader Take?

For students aiming for college, 3-4 years of mathematics are recommended during high school. By 12th grade, most students will have completed Algebra I, Algebra II, and Geometry, so high school seniors may want to focus on a higher level mathematics course such as Precalculus or Trigonometry.

Students taking an advanced mathematics course will learn concepts like:

  • Graphing exponential and logarithmic functions
  • Probability distributions
  • Sequences, series, and proofs by induction
  • Trigonometric functions, transformations, and reciprocal functions
  • Solving trigonometric equations
  • Vectors and vector operations

Learn more about Time4Learning’s twelfth grade math curriculum below.

Objectives for High School 12th Grade Math

With STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) careers at an all time high, it is more important than ever that high school students enter college with a strong foundation in mathematics. 12th graders who take an advanced math course during their senior year give themselves a leg up in the college admissions process–particularly if they will be majoring in a math or science-related field.

To be college-ready, grade 12 math practice should focus on building skills such as:

  • Reasoning abstractly and quantitatively
  • Statistical modeling
  • Using appropriate tools strategically
  • Modeling with probability
  • Visualizing graphs of functions
  • Solving systems of equations

Time4Learning 12th Grade Math Scope & Sequence

  • Graphing Linear Equations
  • Writing Linear Equations
  • Writing Equations of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
  • Solving Equations Graphically
  • Solving Quadratic Equations Algebraically
  • Applications of Equations
  • Inequalities
  • Graphing Linear Inequalities

Chapter 2: “Systems of Equations and Inequalities”

  • Solving Systems of Equations in Two Variables
  • Solving Systems of Equations in Three Variables
  • Matrices
  • Matrix Operations
  • Modeling Motion with Matrices
  • Determinants and Multiplicative Inverses of Matrices
  • Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities
  • Linear Programming

Chapter 3: “Functions and Graphs”

  • Functions and Their Properties
  • Operations with Functions
  • Twelve Basic Functions
  • Piecewise Functions
  • Graphs and Transformations

Chapter 4: “The Nature of Graphs”

  • Symmetry and Coordinate Graphs
  • Families of Graphs
  • Graphs of Nonlinear Inequalities
  • Inverse Functions and Relations
  • Graphs of Rational Functions
  • Direct, Inverse, and Joint Variation

Chapter 5: “Polynomial and Rational Functions”

  • Polynomial Division
  • The Remainder and Factor Theorems
  • Fundamental Polynomial Connections
  • The Rational Root Theorem
  • Locating Zeros of Polynomial Function
  • Complex Numbers
  • Rational Equations and Partial Fractions
  • Radical Equations and Inequalities

Chapter 6: “Exponential and Logarithms Functions”

  • Properties of Exponents
  • Radicals and Rational Exponents
  • Exponential and Logistic Functions
  • The Number e
  • Logarithmic Functions and Their Graphs
  • Properties and Laws of Logarithms
  • Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

Chapter 7: “Trigonometric Functions”

  • Angles and Degree Measure
  • Trigonometric Ratios in Right Triangles
  • Angles and Radian Measure
  • Trigonometric Functions on the Unit Circle
  • Applying Trigonometric Functions
  • Solving Right Triangles
  • Cumulative Exam

Chapter 8: “Trigonometric Graphs”

  • Graphs of Sine and Cosine: Sinusoids
  • Graphs of Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, and Cosecant
  • Graphs of Composite Trigonometric Functions
  • Periodic Graphs and Amplitude
  • Periodic Graphs and Phase Shifts
  • Trigonometric Inverses and Their Graphs

Chapter 9: “Trigonometric Identities”

  • The Law of Sines
  • The Ambiguous Case for the Law of Sines
  • The Law of Cosines
  • Basic Trigonometric Identities
  • Verifying Trigonometric Identities
  • Sum and Difference Identities
  • Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities
  • Solving Trigonometric Equations
  • Normal Form of a Linear Equation
  • Distance from a Point to a Line

Chapter 10: “Vectors, Parametric Equations and Polar Equations”

  • Geometric Vectors
  • Algebraic Vectors
  • Dot Products of Vectors
  • Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space
  • Perpendicular Vectors
  • Vectors and Parametric Equations
  • Polar Coordinates
  • Graphs of Polar Equations
  • De Moivre’s Theorem and nth Roots

Chapter 11: “Conics”

  • Circles and Parabolas
  • Ellipses
  • Hyperbolas
  • Classifications and Rotations of Conics
  • Polar Equations of Conics
  • Three-Dimensional Cartesian Coordinate System

Chapter 12: “Statistics and Probability”

  • Basic Statistics
  • Measures of Center and Spread
  • Basic Probability
  • Determining Probabilities
  • Normal Distributions

Chapter 13: “Sequences and Series”

  • Arithmetic Sequences and Series
  • Geometric Sequences and Series
  • Infinite Sequences and Series
  • Convergent and Divergent Series
  • Sigma Notation and the nth Term
  • The Binomial Theorem
  • Special Sequences and Series
  • Sequences and Iteration
  • Mathematical Induction

Chapter 14: “Introduction to Calculus”

  • Limits of Functions
  • Properties of Limits
  • Continuity
  • Limits Involving Infinity
  • Derivatives and Antiderivatives
  • Area Under a Curve
  • The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
  • Cumulative Exam

Why Choose Time4Learning 12th Grade Math Homeschool Curriculum?

Time4Learning’s standards-based curriculum covers all of the 12th grade math learning targets listed above, plus many, many more. The advanced math courses included in our curriculum boost the critical thinking and analytical skills students will need in post-secondary education.

12th Grade Math Curriculum (2024)

FAQs

What math should you be doing in 12th grade? ›

By 12th grade, most students will have completed Algebra I, Algebra II, and Geometry, so high school seniors may want to focus on a higher level mathematics course such as Precalculus or Trigonometry. Students taking an advanced mathematics course will learn concepts like: Graphing exponential and logarithmic functions.

How hard is 12th grade math? ›

12th-grade math is tough because it requires you to master the most advanced high school math concepts. You'll learn Pre-Calculus and then move on to other hard courses like Trigonometry, Calculus, Statistics, or Business Math. You may even be preparing for Advanced Placement (AP) tests.

What is the hardest high school math curriculum? ›

Generally speaking, the most rigorous math courses in high school include Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus AB and BC, AP Statistics, and for some, Multivariable Calculus (which might be offered at your school or at a local college).

What is the easiest math class in high school 12th grade? ›

We asked our high school students to choose the easiest math classes and the majority agreed that Basic Math and Consumer Math are the easiest math classes in high school. They focus on teaching students practical math skills that they can use in everyday life, rather than advanced abstract concepts.

What is the hardest math in 12th grade? ›

In most cases, you'll find that AP Calculus BC or IB Math HL is the most difficult math course your school offers. Note that AP Calculus BC covers the material in AP Calculus AB but also continues the curriculum, addressing more challenging and advanced concepts.

What percent of 12th graders are proficient at math? ›

Twenty-four percent of twelfth-grade students performed at or above the NAEP Proficient level in mathematics, which was not significantly different compared to 2015. Forty percent of students performed below the NAEP Basic level in 2019, which was two percentage points higher than 2015.

What grade is math the hardest? ›

Generally, 9th grade is considered to be harder than 10th-grade math. Because, in 10th grade, you're digging deeper into math concepts that you've already started practicing in grade 9. However, in grade 9, you step into the high school syllabus after completing basic middle school math.

What's the hardest math class? ›

The most difficult math courses I have encountered thus far have included advanced calculus, abstract algebra, and topology (and they will generally only continue to get more challenging each semester).

What happens if you fail math in 12th grade? ›

Failing a 12th-grade math class can have significant consequences such as lower GPA, academic retention, limited options for future maths courses, academic probation, and difficulty in college admissions.

What is the most failed math class in high school? ›

Algebra I is the single most failed course in American high schools. Thirty-three percent of students in California, for example, took Algebra I at least twice during their high school careers. And students of color or those experiencing poverty are overrepresented in this group.

What is the easiest math class in high school? ›

Here are some of the generally easier math courses offered in high schools: 1. Pre-Algebra: Pre-Algebra is an introductory course that covers basic math concepts like fractions, decimals, and integers. It helps establish a foundation for more advanced courses.

Is trigonometry harder than Calculus? ›

In general, calculus is considered to be more difficult than trigonometry due to the complexity of the concepts. However, the difficulty level can also depend on your personal strengths, interests, and previous experience with math courses.

Which country has the toughest high school curriculum? ›

Korean Educational System Is The Toughest In The World. South Korea boasts one of the world's premier educational systems, renowned for its challenging and rigorous nature.

Is Geometry harder than algebra? ›

The ease or difficulty of learning geometry versus algebra can vary from person to person. Some individuals may find geometry more intuitive and easier to understand due to its visual nature. Others may prefer the logical structure and problem-solving aspects of algebra.

How old are 12th graders in America? ›

United States. The twelfth grade is the twelfth school year after kindergarten. It is also the last year of compulsory secondary education, or high school. Students are often 17–18 years old, and on rarer occasions, can be 19 years old or older.

What is 13th grade math? ›

Year 13 maths is mainly the application of what they have learned in their previous year. It includes advanced concepts such as advanced algebra, advanced binomial theorem, advanced trigonometry, etc.

What math do most high schoolers take? ›

The typical order of math classes in high school is:

Algebra 1. Geometry. Algebra 2/Trigonometry. Pre-Calculus.

Should I take pre-calc or stats in high school? ›

Taking statistics without studying pre-calculus beforehand may limit your options for advanced math classes in high school or college. 2. It might be perceived as less rigorous than pre-calculus, potentially impacting the impression of your application's course rigor.

What math is a 11th grader supposed to take? ›

What Math Should an 11th Grader Know? Typically, students in grade 11 take Algebra II (if they followed the traditional course sequence: Algebra I in 9th grade, and Geometry in 10th grade).

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