Nutrients | Concentration | | Per 900 g |
Digestible EnergyDigestible energy provides an estimate of the usable calorie content of a feed commonly expressed as megacalories per kilogram or pound (Mcal/kg or lb). | 2.75082 | Mcal / kg | | | 2.27 | Mcal |
Crude ProteinCrude Protein is an estimate of the total protein content of a feed based on the nitrogen content. | 12 | % DM | (min) | | 98.9 | g |
LysineLysine is typically considered the first limiting amino acid in equine diets. It is involved in immune function, metabolism, and making collagen and elastin. | 0.24 | % DM | | | 2 | g |
CalciumCalcium is important for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It should be provided in a ratio of approximately 1.5:1 Calcium to Phosphorus. | 0.135 | % DM | | | 1.11 | g |
PhosphorusPhosphorus is a macromineral involved in the maintaining the structure and function of bone. It is also a component of ATP and cell membranes. | 0.49 | % DM | | | 4.04 | g |
MagnesiumMagnesium acts as a cofactor for over 300 metabolic processes. It is important for muscle and nerve function, bone health, mood regulation and energy production. | 0.17 | % DM | | | 1.4 | g |
PotassiumPotassium is an electrolyte that help to maintain fluid volume inside cells and cation-anion balance. Exercised horses and horses in hot weather lose potassium through sweat. | 0.565 | % DM | | | 4.66 | g |
SulfurSulfur is a component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine. It is important for hoof health, joint function, coat quality and metabolic health. | 0.16 | % DM | | | 1.32 | g |
SodiumSodium is the major electrolyte in the horse's body that regulates fluid levels and nerve transmission. Sodium intake in the form of salt stimulates thirst. | 0.024 | % DM | | | 0.2 | g |
ChlorideChloride is an electrolyte and is important for the transmission of nerve impulses. It is found in salt (sodium chloride). | 0.08 | % DM | | | 0.66 | g |
IronIron is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. | 141 | ppm | | | 116 | mg |
ZincZinc support many metabolic processes and is involved in coat and hoof quality, immune function and metabolic health. It should be fed in balance with iron and copper. | 30 | ppm | | | 24.7 | mg |
CopperCopper is a trace mineral required for hoof health, coat quality connective tissue, and immmune function. It should be provided in a 3:1 ratio of zinc to copper. | 6 | ppm | | | 4.94 | mg |
ManganeseManganese is crucial for bone formation and antioxidant protection. It is also involved in maintaining healthy joints and supports the production of chondroitin sulfate. | 46 | ppm | | | 37.9 | mg |
SeleniumSelenium is an essential micromineral that works closely with vitamin E as an antioxidant. It is involved in growth and muscle function. | 0 | ppm | | | 0 | mg |
CobaltCobalt is reqired to make vitamin B12 (cobalamin). In horses, cobalt is converted to Vitamin B12 by the hindgut microflora. | 0.07 | ppm | | | 0.06 | mg |
IodineIodine is required to synthesize the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate the body's metabolic rate. | 0.1 | ppm | | | 0.08 | mg |
Vitamin AVitamin A (retinol) is made from the precursor beta-carotene. It is important for vision, reproductive health in mares and for maintaining immune function. | 0 | KIU / kg | | | 0 | KIU |
Vitamin DVitamin D is involved in bone mineral metabolism and immune function. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is found in plants and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in skin and added to feeds. | 0 | KIU / kg | | | 0 | KIU |
Vitamin EVitamin E is an important antioxidant that must be provided by the horse's diet. It is found in fresh grasses, but rapidly degrades in cut hay. | 0 | IU / kg | | | 0 | IU |
ThiamineThiamine (vitamin B1) is required by enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism to get energy from sugar. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
RiboflavinRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is required by enzymes that make energy from carbohydrates, protein and fat. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Nutrients | Concentration | | Per 900 g |
Protein |
Crude Protein (CP)Crude Protein is an estimate of the total protein content of a feed based on the nitrogen content. | 12 | % DM | (min) | | 98.9 | g |
Soluble Protein (SP)Soluble Protein is the soluble fraction of the protein that is readily available to the horse. It contains small amino acid chains and NPN. | 25 | % CP | | | 24.7 | g |
Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN)Non-Protein Nitrogen refers to nitrogen-containing compounds that are not considered to be proteins. | 33.9 | % SP | | | 8.38 | g |
Acid Detergent Insoluble Protein (ADIP) ADIP is the amount of protein that is bound to the ADF (insoluble fiber) fraction. Subtract this value from crude protein to determine available protein. | 4.64135 | % CP | | | 4.59 | g |
Neutral Detergent Insoluble Protein (NDIP) NDIP is the amount of protein that is bound to the NDF (neutral detergent fiber) fraction. It is not digestible by the horse. | 7.59 | % CP | | | 7.5 | g |
LysineLysine is typically considered the first limiting amino acid in equine diets. It is involved in immune function, metabolism, and making collagen and elastin. | 2.02 | % CP | | | 2 | g |
MethionineMethionine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is important for making keratin - a protein in hooves and hair. | 2.12 | % CP | | | 2.1 | g |
ArginineArginine is important for the immune system, reproductive health, circulation, and creatine production. | 4.38 | % CP | | | 4.33 | g |
ThreonineThreonine is the second limiting amino acid in equine diets. It is important for gut health and protein synthesis. | 2.16 | % CP | | | 2.14 | g |
LeucineLeucine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that are important for muscle building, performance and exercise recovery. | 7.7 | % CP | | | 7.61 | g |
IsoleucineIsoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid. BCAAs are muscle-building amino acids important for growth and tissue repair. | 3.84 | % CP | | | 3.8 | g |
ValineValine is a branched-chain amino acid that is needed for proper muscle contractions. It can also be used to make glucose for energy. | 0 | % CP | | | 0 | g |
HistidineHistidine is incorporated into various proteins. It is also converted into histamine, which is important for the immune system, and carnosine. | 1.8 | % CP | | | 1.78 | g |
PhenylalaninePhenylalanine is the third-most abundant amino acid in equine diets. It is important for neurotransmitter synthesis. | 5.86 | % CP | | | 5.79 | g |
TryptophanTryptophan is an amino acid required to make the neurotransmitters serotonin and mielatonin. | 1.28 | % CP | | | 1.27 | g |
Nutrients | Concentration | | Per 900 g |
Carbohydrates |
Crude FiberCrude fibre indicates the maximum amount of indigestible fibres in your feed. | 14.2 | % DM | (max) | | 117 | g |
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)Acid Detergent Fiber is comprised of cellulose and lignin. ADF is used to calculate the digestible energy of forages. | 17.875 | % DM | | | 147 | g |
Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)Neutral Detergent Fiber is a measure of insoluble fiber and includes lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. NDF is inversely correlated with feed intake. | 49.31 | % DM | | | 406 | g |
LigninLignin is the indigestible component of plant cell walls and has no nutritional value for the horse. High ligning levels decrease palatability. | 4.79 | % DM | | | 39.5 | g |
Non-Fiber Carbohydrate (NFC)Non-fiber carbohydrates measures the non-cell wall fraction of carbohydrates, including sugar, starch and pectin. NFC is calculated by subtracting fiber and ash from total carbohydrate content. | 82.155 | % DM | | | 677 | g |
Non-Structural Carbohydrate (NSC)Non-structural carbohydrates is a calculated value that measures ethanol-soluble sugar and starch. Horses with metabolic issues should consume diets with <10% NSC. | 43.14124 | % DM | | | 355 | g |
SugarSugars such as glucose, sucrose and fructose are mono- and disaccharides that can be estimated by extraction with ethanol. Sugar content is often listed as ethanol soluble carbohydrates (ESC). | 2.39674 | % DM | | | 19.8 | g |
StarchStarch is a complex carbohydrate found in plants - especially grains. Diets high in starch can cause gut issues in horses. | 40.7445 | % DM | | | 336 | g |
Soluble FiberSoluble fibers are easily digestible by the horse. They are broken down into sugars and absorbed from the gut. | 39.0138 | % DM | | | 321 | g |
Nutrients | Concentration | | Per 900 g |
Minerals & Vitamins |
AshAsh is a gross measure of all the minerals present in a feed or forage. | 2.995 | % DM | | | 24.7 | g |
CalciumCalcium is important for maintaining strong bones and teeth. It should be provided in a ratio of approximately 1.5:1 Calcium to Phosphorus. | 0.135 | % DM | | | 1.11 | g |
PhosphorusPhosphorus is a macromineral involved in the maintaining the structure and function of bone. It is also a component of ATP and cell membranes. | 0.49 | % DM | | | 4.04 | g |
MagnesiumMagnesium acts as a cofactor for over 300 metabolic processes. It is important for muscle and nerve function, bone health, mood regulation and energy production. | 0.17 | % DM | | | 1.4 | g |
PotassiumPotassium is an electrolyte that help to maintain fluid volume inside cells and cation-anion balance. Exercised horses and horses in hot weather lose potassium through sweat. | 0.565 | % DM | | | 4.66 | g |
SulfurSulfur is a component of the amino acids methionine and cysteine. It is important for hoof health, joint function, coat quality and metabolic health. | 0.16 | % DM | | | 1.32 | g |
SodiumSodium is the major electrolyte in the horse's body that regulates fluid levels and nerve transmission. Sodium intake in the form of salt stimulates thirst. | 0.024 | % DM | | | 0.2 | g |
ChlorideChloride is an electrolyte and is important for the transmission of nerve impulses. It is found in salt (sodium chloride). | 0.08 | % DM | | | 0.66 | g |
IronIron is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. | 141 | ppm | | | 116 | mg |
ZincZinc support many metabolic processes and is involved in coat and hoof quality, immune function and metabolic health. It should be fed in balance with iron and copper. | 30 | ppm | | | 24.7 | mg |
CopperCopper is a trace mineral required for hoof health, coat quality connective tissue, and immmune function. It should be provided in a 3:1 ratio of zinc to copper. | 6 | ppm | | | 4.94 | mg |
ManganeseManganese is crucial for bone formation and antioxidant protection. It is also involved in maintaining healthy joints and supports the production of chondroitin sulfate. | 46 | ppm | | | 37.9 | mg |
SeleniumSelenium is an essential micromineral that works closely with vitamin E as an antioxidant. It is involved in growth and muscle function. | 0 | ppm | | | 0 | mg |
CobaltCobalt is reqired to make vitamin B12 (cobalamin). In horses, cobalt is converted to Vitamin B12 by the hindgut microflora. | 0.07 | ppm | | | 0.06 | mg |
IodineIodine is required to synthesize the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate the body's metabolic rate. | 0.1 | ppm | | | 0.08 | mg |
Vitamin AVitamin A (retinol) is made from the precursor beta-carotene. It is important for vision, reproductive health in mares and for maintaining immune function. | 0 | KIU / kg | | | 0 | KIU |
Vitamin DVitamin D is involved in bone mineral metabolism and immune function. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is found in plants and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in skin and added to feeds. | 0 | KIU / kg | | | 0 | KIU |
Vitamin EVitamin E is an important antioxidant that must be provided by the horse's diet. It is found in fresh grasses, but rapidly degrades in cut hay. | 0 | IU / kg | | | 0 | IU |
ThiamineThiamine (vitamin B1) is required by enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism to get energy from sugar. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
RiboflavinRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is required by enzymes that make energy from carbohydrates, protein and fat. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
ChromiumChromium is a trace mineral involved in metabolic function and insulin regulation. It influences glucose (blood sugar) uptake into tissues. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
BiotinBiotin (vitamin B7) is important for hoof growth and integrity, as well as skin and coat quality in horses. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
FolateFolate (vitamin B9, folic acid) is important for enzymatic reactions such as DNA and methionine synthesis. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
NiacinNiacin (vitamin B3, nicotinic acid) is required for coenzymes involved in energy production, redox reactions and cell division. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Pantothenic AcidPantothenic Acid (vitamin B5) is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes and can be made by microbes in the hindgut. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
PyridoxinePyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, plays a role in blood sugar regulation, muscle development, mood regulation, hormone production and joint health. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is involved in a variety of enzymatic processes including protein synthesis, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. | -- | ppm | | | -- | μg |
CholineCholine is an essential nutrient, often grouped with the B-vitamins. It is necessary for liver health, DNA methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and lipid membrane integrity. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Menadione (Vitamin K3)Vitamin K is a cofactor for enzymes involved in blood clotting. It also supports healthy blood vessels and bone health. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Ascorbate (Vitamin C)Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that supports the healthy function of all cells of the body. | -- | ppm | | | -- | mg |
Nutrients | Concentration | | Per 900 g |
Fat/Fatty Acids |
Ether Extract (EE)Ether extract, also known as crude fat, is a measure of the total fat content in a feed. It is determined by a laboratory test in which the feed sample is treated with a solvent to extract the fat. | 2.75 | % DM | (min) | | 22.7 | g |
Total Fatty Acids (TFAee)Total fatty acids is a better measure of the total amount of fat present in a feed sample. It is calculated by subtracting plant pigments, esters, and aldehydes from crude fat. | 83.48 | % EE | | | 18.9 | g |
GlycerolGlycerol is a sugar alcohol that forms the backbones of triglycerides - a fat molecule with three fatty acids. Glycerol and pigment are subtracted from EE to get TFAee. | 0.528011 | % DM | | | 4.35 | g |
PigmentPigments are plant compounds such as chlorophyll, flavonoids and carotenes that are soluble in ether. Pigment and glycerol are subtracted from EE to get TFAee. | 0.421889 | % DM | | | 3.48 | g |
Lauric acidLauric acid (C12:0) is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain. | 0 | % TFAee | | | 0 | g |
Myristic acidMyristic acid (C14:0) is a saturated fatty acid that is found in plant and animal fats. It has a chemical structure of 14 carbon atoms with no double bonds. | 0.866561 | % TFAee | | | 0.16 | g |
Palmitic acidPalmitic acid (C16:0) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid found in plants and animals. It has a chemical structure of 16 carbon atoms with no double bonds. | 17.6475 | % TFAee | | | 3.34 | g |
Palmitoleic acidPalmitoleic acid (C16:1) is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in plants and animals. It has a 16 carbon atom structure with a single double bond in the ninth position. | 0.155651 | % TFAee | | | 0.03 | g |
Stearic acidStearic acid (C18:0) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid composed of an 18-carbon chain with no double bonds. | 1.31836 | % TFAee | | | 0.25 | g |
Elaidic acidElaidic acid (C18:1T) is an unsaturated trans fatty acid. It has 18 carbon atoms and a double bond in trans configuartion (between carbons 9 and 10). | 0 | % TFAee | | | 0 | g |
Oleic acidOleic acid (C18:1C) is a long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid. It is an omega-9 fatty acid because it has a final carbon double bond in the ninth position. | 34.779 | % TFAee | | | 6.58 | g |
Linoleic acidLinoleic acid (C18:2) is a polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acid. It is an omega-6 fatty acid because it has a final carbon double bond in the sixth position. | 42.005 | % TFAee | | | 7.95 | g |
Alpha-Linolenic acidAlpha-Linolenic acid (C18:3) is a polyunsaturated essential fatty acid. It is an omega-3 fatty acid because it has a final carbon double bond in the third position. | 1.84587 | % TFAee | | | 0.35 | g |
Docosahexaenoic acidDocosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) is an omega-3 polyunsaturanted fatty acid with a 22-carbon chain and a final carbon double bond in the third position. DHA plays important roles in brain health and inflammation regulation. | -- | % TFAee | | | -- | g |
Other Fatty AcidsA measure of all other fatty acids not mentioned above. | 1.38207 | % TFAee | | | 0.26 | g |