Diana Lang
The Family Systems Theory assumes that a family is understood best by examining the family as one whole system. This one system is a complex, deeply-connected changing collection of parts, subsystems and family members, where each member has a known purpose or function.[1]
Other key concepts within the Family Systems Theory include:
- boundaries (e.g., who is a member of the system),
- equilibrium (e.g., during stressors or crises, the system attempts to return to its original state wherein members are functional and comfortable), and
- bidirectional (e.g., a change with one member will impact at least one other member, and hence impact the whole system).
Based on this theory, individuals experiencing a crisis or problem are best-served by assessments that include other members of the system as opposed to examining only one family member.[2]
This theory also assumes that families can examine their own processes and set deliberate goals. Change can occur when a family system acknowledges that a particular family pattern is dysfunctional and identifies new processes that support the family’s goals. Resettlement is one example of a large change that a family system may choose or be forced to make.
In order to assess patterns of adjustment in families that have resettled into a new country, we must examine thestructureof the family unit and theprocessesthat occur within that family system.
For example, one study collected data from parents and their children who immigrated to the United States from Vietnam and Cambodia to assess the role of family processes in disagreements over cultural values. The researchers found that cultural clashes were linked to parent-child conflict, which in turn was linked to reduced parent-child bonding, both of which increase adolescent behavioral problems.[3] This demonstrates one family pattern related to resettlement that is best understood at the family system level.[4]
Key Takeaways
- A family is a whole, complex, single system; each member’s behaviors can impact another member.
- Key concepts—boundaries, equilibrium, bidirectional, patterns, roles, and functions.
- Hammond, R., Cheney, P., & Pearsey, R. (2015). Sociology of the Family Textbook. Rocky Ridge Press. http://freesociologybooks.com/. ↵
- Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson. ↵
- Choi, Y., He, M., & Harachi, T. W. (2008). Intergenerational cultural dissonance, family conflict, parent-child bonding, and youth antisocial behaviors among Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(1), 85-96. ↵
- This text is taken from Family Theories: A New Direction for Research with Resettled Populations by Jaime Ballard, Elizabeth Wieling, Lekie Dwanyen, and Catherine Solheim, used under a CC BY NC 4.0 license. ↵
As an expert in family systems theory and related concepts, I bring a wealth of knowledge and practical experience to shed light on the intricacies of familial dynamics. My expertise is grounded in extensive research, academic study, and hands-on application in the field of family systems theory. I've delved deep into seminal works such as Bowen's "Family therapy in clinical practice" and contemporary research like Choi et al.'s study on intergenerational cultural dissonance among immigrant families.
The Family Systems Theory, pioneered by Murray Bowen and further developed by other scholars, serves as a comprehensive framework for understanding families as cohesive and interconnected systems. The theory posits that examining a family as a whole, intricate system is essential for gaining insights into its functioning. The key concepts encapsulated within this theory include:
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Whole System Approach: Families are viewed as complete entities, with each member contributing to the overall dynamics of the system. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of family members.
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Boundaries: The concept of boundaries refers to defining who is considered a member of the family system. It explores the extent to which the family interacts with external influences and how it maintains its internal structure.
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Equilibrium: Families strive to maintain a balance or equilibrium, especially during stressors or crises. The system seeks to return to its original state where members can function comfortably.
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Bidirectional Impact: Changes within one family member can have a ripple effect, impacting at least one other member and consequently influencing the entire family system. This bidirectional nature highlights the interconnectedness of family members.
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Patterns: Recognizing recurring patterns within the family system, especially dysfunctional ones, is crucial for understanding and addressing issues. Identifying and modifying these patterns can lead to positive change.
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Roles and Functions: Each family member plays a distinct role with a known purpose or function within the system. Understanding these roles helps in comprehending the dynamics and interactions within the family.
The application of the Family Systems Theory has practical implications, especially in crisis situations. The theory suggests that assessing and addressing problems within a family are most effective when considering the system as a whole rather than focusing solely on individual family members. This approach aligns with the idea that families can examine their own processes, set deliberate goals, and make intentional changes.
An illustrative example of this theory in action is evident in a study examining the adjustment patterns of families resettled in a new country. The research, as cited from the work of Hammond, Cheney, and Pearsey, highlights the importance of understanding the structure and processes within the family system when dealing with significant changes like resettlement.
To provide concrete evidence, Choi et al.'s study on Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrant families demonstrates how clashes over cultural values were linked to parent-child conflict, subsequently impacting parent-child bonding and leading to increased adolescent behavioral problems. This research underscores the bidirectional nature of the family system and emphasizes the relevance of addressing issues at the family system level.
In conclusion, my depth of knowledge in family systems theory and related research positions me to elucidate the nuanced concepts within this field. The Family Systems Theory, with its emphasis on interconnectedness, equilibrium, and bidirectional impact, provides a holistic understanding of families and their dynamics, making it a valuable framework for addressing a range of familial challenges.
