Log in Dr. λ the Creator of Variables, Binder of Variables, Applicator of Terms, Checker of Types, and β-Reducer of β-Redexes 9 years agoPosted 9 years ago. Direct link to Dr. λ the Creator of Variables, Binder of Variables, Applicator of Terms, Checker of Types, and β-Reducer of β-Redexes's post “When I paused to think ab...” When I paused to think about this I found that if you have N people and you follow the rules of this video then you will have an amount of handshakes that are equal to the sum of all positive integers that are less than N. But you will also have So that means that the sum of all positive integers less than N is equal to • (83 votes) Oliver X 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to Oliver X's post “Also, you can think the h...” Also, you can think the handshake question like this: Also, if you draw a pentagon and name the vertices A, B, C, D, E, (21 votes) Gaganpreet 10 years agoPosted 10 years ago. Direct link to Gaganpreet's post “at 1:24, how can there be...” at • (26 votes) Just Keith 10 years agoPosted 10 years ago. Direct link to Just Keith's post “The 4 means that the firs...” The 4 means that the first person involved in shaking hands can be any of the 4 people. (38 votes) flashingjet101 9 years agoPosted 9 years ago. Direct link to flashingjet101's post “Why is it that when you r...” Why is it that when you roll two die, there are 21 different combinations that can arise, if you don't care about the order of rolling the die? For example, your first die being 4 and your second die being 3 is the same thing as the first die being 3 and the second die being 4? • (13 votes) Saranyaraj Rajendran 9 years agoPosted 9 years ago. Direct link to Saranyaraj Rajendran's post “Alright, let's reason thr...” Alright, let's reason through this. (32 votes) Xi An Niles 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to Xi An Niles's post “Is there any way to reaso...” Is there any way to reason through the number of combinations without using permutations or the combination formula? • (12 votes) Achintya 3 years agoPosted 3 years ago. Direct link to Achintya's post “No, I am sorry that there...” No, I am sorry that there is no other way, but, you could always obviously do it as Sal mentioned, visualize it and then try to solve it. (0 votes) anand_ma 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to anand_ma's post “Can combination be explai...” Can combination be explained in arithmetic series. In this case say 3+2+1 • (6 votes) robshowsides 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to robshowsides's post “Yes, but only for combina...” Yes, but only for combinations in which you are choosing groups of 2, like the handshake problem. The formula for choosing 2 items out of n items is n!/(2! * (n-2)!) = n(n-1)/2, and as you correctly noticed, this is also the formula for the sum of the arithmetic series 1 + 2 + ... + (n-1) = n(n-1)/2. The pattern does not continue to hold for combinations of 3 or more, however. (9 votes) Neel.K 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to Neel.K's post “So, in other words, is ...” So, in other words, is combination a subset of permutation? • (5 votes) andrewp18 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to andrewp18's post “Exactly. All combinations...” Exactly. All combinations are distinct permutations but all permutations are not distinct combinations! (2 votes) Gopal, Eashaan 8 years agoPosted 8 years ago. Direct link to Gopal, Eashaan's post “How did ( 4 ) turn into 4...” How did ( 4 ) turn into 4*3/2 • (4 votes) Sanjana 7 years agoPosted 7 years ago. Direct link to Sanjana's post “3 comes from possibilitie...” 3 comes from possibilities of a person shaking hands between another person. 2 represents the combinations that you cancel out so that no 2 people shake hands more than once. (2 votes) Joachim Marnitz 4 years agoPosted 4 years ago. Direct link to Joachim Marnitz's post “I have a question regardi...” I have a question regarding Metcalfe's Law (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law) in this context. You could see the possible handshakes as potential network connections as Metcalfe's law describes them. The formula for it is n (n - 1) / 2, so for 4 network members you would get 4 (4 - 1) / 2 = 4 * 3 / 2 = 6, the same result. So here's my question: Is that just a different way to express the same thing? • (3 votes) cossine 4 years agoPosted 4 years ago. Direct link to cossine's post “Yes. But the formula for ...” Yes. But the formula for combinations as other application that Metcalfe does not. (2 votes) Iniquitous 10 years agoPosted 10 years ago. Direct link to Iniquitous's post “I'm having a difficult ti...” I'm having a difficult time grasping the difference in selection criteria. Were I choosing two teams out of a certain number of people, and each team had a name, this would be the permutation (criteria of 2) and if the teams had no names this would be the combination? Or do I have that backwards? • (2 votes) Nabla ∇ 10 years agoPosted 10 years ago. Direct link to Nabla ∇'s post “It's not really about nam...” It's not really about names but about situations. If there are 12 teams and 4 must go to the 2nd category at the end of the season, the number of ways this can happen is ₁₂C₄ (are combinations. If team A, B, C and D went to the 2nd category, the order at which they do so doesn't matter). If there 12 teams and 3 can win a medal (gold, silver or bronze) then the number of ways a medal can be won is ₁₂P₄ (are permutations. It's not the same having Team A with gold, B with silver and D with bronze than B with gold, D with silver and A with bronze. So order do matter). Choosing between permutations or combinations has to do with the order, and the order has to do with those things in real life where we care about order and things we don't. (: (4 votes) netaly21 9 years agoPosted 9 years ago. Direct link to netaly21's post “so.. i tried to solve thi...” so.. i tried to solve this one yet i couldnt.. can anyone help? How many different nine-digit numbers can be created by moving digits in the number 123454321 thanks • (2 votes) FlameFlight 9 years agoPosted 9 years ago. Direct link to FlameFlight's post “9!/(2*2*2*2)=226809! sin...” 9!/(2*2*2*2)=22680 (3 votes)Want to join the conversation?
For example, with 8 people you will have 7+6+5+4+3+2+1 = 28 handshakes. N! / ((N-2)! * 2) handshakes.N! / ((N-2)! * 2) when N is an integer that is greater than 1. Is this true? If so then why is this?
Take 5 people for example.
Then A will shake hand with B, C, D, E.
B will shake hand with C, D, E (A is counted).
C will shake hand with D, E (A, B are counted).
D will shake hand with E
add them up you get 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 which is the sum you discovered.
all the diagonals and sides of the pentagon would represent the handshakes:
AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE, DE. Count them and it's easy to find
there are 10 lines.
1:24
The 3 means that the second person involved in shaking hands can be any of the remaining 3 people not counting the person identified as the first person.
Since, we only care about combinations, the order in which we roll the dice doesn't matter. So, yes. First die being 4 and the second die being 3 is the same thing as the first die being 3 and the second die being 4.
Now, for the combinations as such.
Let's list out all the ordered pairs first.(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Remember these are the possibilities when we care about order and it is equal to 6*6 = 36.
Since for combination order doesn't matter, (1,4) = (4,1) and so on, we have a number of redundant ordered pairs in our list of possibilities. Let's remove them and at the same time count out the possibilities.(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6) Count = 6
(2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6) Count = 5
(3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6) Count = 4
(4,4) (4,5) (4,6) Count = 3
(5,5) (5,6) Count = 2
(6,6) Count = 1
So, all the possible combinations = 6+5+4+3+2+1 = 21. Hope this makes this a bit more clear.
(A can shake with 3 other people, B with 2 other since B has already shaken hands with A and C with 1 and D with none)
which is 6
(2)
9! since you have 9 numbers. /2 four times because you have 2 1s, 1 3s, and 2 4s. In your number you could swap the 2 3s for example and it would look exactly same hence you would have to divide 2 for each of the pairs.
Video transcript
- Let's say that thereare four people in a room. And you're probably tired of me naming the people with letters, but I'm going to continue doing that. So the four people in the roomare people A, B, C, and D. And they are all told,"You don't know each other. "So I want you to all meet each other. "You need to shake the hand, exactly once, "of every other person in theroom so that you all meet." So my question to you is,if each of these people need to shake the hand of everyother person exactly once, how many handshakes are going to occur? The number of handshakesthat are going to occur. So, like always, pause the video and see if you can make sense of this. Alright, I'm assumingyou've had a go at it. So one way to think about it is, if you say there's a handshake, two people are party to a handshake. We're not talking aboutsome new three-person handshake or four-person handshake, we're just talking about the traditional, two people shake their right hands. And so, there's one person and there's another person in this party. There's four possibilities of one party. And if we assume people aren'tshaking their own hands, which we are assuming, they're always going to shake someone else's hand. For each of these fourpossibilities who's this party, there's three possibilitieswho's the other party. And so you might say that there's four times three handshakes. Since there's four timesthree possible handshakes. And what I'd like you todo is think a little bit about whether this isright, whether there would actually be 12 handshakes. You might have thoughtabout it, and you might say, there's four times three, this is actually counting the permutations. This is counting howmany ways can you permute four people into twobuckets, the two buckets of handshakers, where you care about which bucket they are in. Whether they're handshaker number one, or handshaker number two. This would count A beingthe number one handshaker and B being the number two handshaker as being different than Bbeing the number one handshaker and A being the number two handshaker. But we don't want bothof these things to occur. We don't want A to shake B's hand, where A is facing northand B is facing south. And then another time,they shake hands again where now B is facing northand A is facing south. We only have to do it once. These are actually the same thing, so there's no reason forboth of these to occur. So we are going to be double counting. So what we really want to dois think about combinations. One way to think about itis, you have four people. In a world of four peopleor a pool of four people, how many ways can you choose two? Because that's what we're doing. Each handshake is just really a selection of two of these people. And so we want to say, how many ways can we select two people? So that each combination,each of these ways to select two peopleshould have a different combination of people in it. If two of them have the same, AB and BA, these are the same combination. And so this is reallya combinations problem. This is really equivalent to saying, how many ways are thereto choose two people from a pool of four? Or four choose two. And so this is going tobe, well how many ways are there to permute fourpeople into three spots? Which is going to be four times three. Which we just figured outright over there, which is 12. Actually want to do it in that green color so you see where that came from. So four times three. And then you're going to divide that by the number of ways youcan arrange two people. Well you can arrange twopeople in two different ways. One's on the left, one's on the right, or the other one's on the left or the other one's on the right. Or, you could also viewthat as two factorial, which is also equal to two. So we could write this down as two. This is the number of waysto arrange two people. This up here, that's the permutations. That's the number of permutations if you take two peoplefrom a pool of four. So here you would care about order. And so one way to think about it, this two is correcting for thisdouble counting here. And if you want to applythe formula, you could. I just kind of reasoned through it again. You could literally say,four times three is 12. We're double counting because there's two ways to arrange two people. So you just divide it by two. And then you are goingto be left with six. You can think of it in terms of this, or you could just apply the formula. You could just say, four choose two, or the number of combinations of selecting two from a group of four. This is going to be fourfactorial over two factorial times four minus two factorial. And I'm going to make thiscolor different just so you can keep track of howI'm at least applying this. And so what is this going to be? This is going to be four timesthree times two times one, over two times one timesthis right over here is two times one. So that would cancel with that. Four divided by two is two. Two times three dividedby one is equal to six. And to just really hit the point home, let's actually draw it out. A could shake B's hand. A could shake C's hand. A could shake D's hand. Let me just do what wecalculated first, the 12. B could shake A's hand. B could shake C's hand. B could shake D's hand. C could shake A's hand. C could shake B's hand. C could shake D's hand. D could shake A's hand. D could shake B's hand. D could shake C's hand. And this is 12 right over here, and this is the permutations. If D shaking C's handwas actually different than C shaking D's hand,then we would count 12. But we just wanted to say, how many ways, they just have to meet each other once. And so we're double counting. So AB is the same thing as BA. AC is the same thing as CA. AD is the same thing as DA. BC is the same thing as CB. BD is the same thing as DB. CD is the same thing as DC. And so we would be left with, if we correct for the double counting, we're left with one,two, three, four, five, six combinations. Six possible ways of choosingtwo from a pool of four. Especially when you don't care about the order in which you choose them.
