Suppose you’re in the business of manufacturing apparel and textiles. In that case, you’ll want to look into implementing a strategy for keeping defects to a minimum to ensure your products are as high-quality as possible.
Because producing and selling clothes and garments with minimal defects will save you time and money while cutting waste, it also ensures customer satisfaction and keeps the brand reputation intact.
In this article, you will learn about the most common textile and apparel industry garment defects and get practical tips on avoiding them.
What is a Garment Defect?
A garment defect is a fault or an imperfection in a garment that detracts from its being perfect. They are classified in the apparel and garment industry when quality control is practised from the initial stage of sourcing the raw materials to the final stage of producing the finished garment.
How Are the Types of Defects in Garments?
There are three main garment defect types in apparel quality control– minor, major and critical – and the severity of the fault depends on which category the problem belongs to.
What Are Minor Defects in Garments?
These clothes defects are usually small enough to ensure they won’t affect the function or form of the item. Mostly, minor defects won’t even be noticed by the customer, and the product is unlikely to be returned.
What Are Major Defects in Garments?
These are more serious than minor defect fabrics as they depart away from the buyer’s product specifications significantly and could affect the item’s function, performance and appearance. These garment defects would be noticed by the customer with them likely to return the product and complain to the company.
What Are Critical Defects in Garments?
These types of garment defects are the most serious because they render an item unusable and could even cause harm to the customer. These defects could put companies out of business, cause lawsuits, and/or lead to product recalls.
How to Check the Quality of a Garment
Many factors determine the quality of a garment, but some of them are more important than others. The apparel industry measures quality by considering the standard of the fibres and materials used in production. But there are many other factors to consider when looking at overall quality in the garment industry, including performance, reliability and durability, and visual and perceived quality.
Sewing defects such as open seams, wrong stitching, colour, threads, creasing, thread tension, and raw edges should all be evaluated throughout the inspection process. Secondly, colour effects, including any colour differences in the final product compared to the samples, need to be checked to confirm whether they match. Thirdly, the sizing must be checked for any differences in measurements.
Finally, garment defects must be looked at, including faulty zippers and buttons, irregular hems, and loose threads. Other issues include raw edges, improper buttonholes, uneven parts, faulty trimming and differences in fabric colours.
What Are the Common Garment Defects Causes?
Five common fabric defects can be found in garments and apparel items:
1. Drop stitches
Drop stitches are found in raw textiles, and drop stitches are missed stitches that then appear randomly in the fabric. These are caused by incorrect yawn carriers, slubs and knots, yarn overfeeding or underfeeding and lose stitching during the production process.
How to prevent drop stitches:Ensure the yarn carrier is verified to the correct tension.
2. Dye marks
Dye marks are irregular patches found on the surface, and they are usually a result of low-quality fabric, improper levelling agents, incorrect pH in the production process, and dye machine entanglement.
How to prevent dye marks:Ensure the base fabric is top-quality and maintains the correct pH level.
3. Horizontal lines
Horizontal lines are defined by irregular lines that run from side to side, and faults cause these in the bobbin or irregular thread tension.
How to prevent horizontal lines:Regularly replace the bobbin and checking the thread tension and positioning
4. Shade variation
Shade variation is usually an obvious defect that can be noticing a difference in depth of shade and colour from piece to piece, and it is caused by mixing fabrics, variations in the production process, improper cutting and unequal fabric stretching.
How to prevent shade variation:Use the same base material, combine garments of the same colour, and correctly number the textile types.
5. Stains
Stains are fairly common and are defined as spots or patches of differing colours. Textiles can stain easily and appear on fabrics from the dirt on the factory floor, oil from machinery and dyes from other sources.
How to prevent stains:Regularly clean the production machines and equipment and ensure no oils, grease, or dyes are near the textiles.
How to Prevent Defect Fabrics in Your Supply Chain
Quality assurance can be achieved by using a third-party apparel testing company to test your products and items before they reach the customer. Fabric defects can be found during the defect analysis and prevention methods, as well as testing process. But defect prevention is a necessary step to take while completing the development process.
Reviewing and inspection should be carried out by team members by self-checking, peer reviews and inspection of all products. Secondly, a walkthrough comparison should be completed by comparing the samples against the customer requirements, thereby giving a better idea to any corrections that need to be implemented. Thirdly, any defects found should be logged and documented. Lastly, a root cause analysis should be completed.
How to Reduce Garment Defects in Your Supply Chain
Change is always occurring in the garment and apparel industry as customer and consumer behaviours change. Cost pressures are mounting, and companies must focus on quality assurance and quality control to compete in today’s market. To ensure they are meeting customer demands, reduced defects and improvement on a company’s reputation they should follow these four steps;
1. Evaluation
Sampling plans should be reviewed constantly and updated regularly. Companies should compare the sampling plans against the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). Using these standards can help to ensure the product or item is top-quality and suitable for shipping.
2. Sampling plan
Companies should also employ tightened level 3 sampling levels as the ISO standards state manufacturing companies should be stable, controlled and verified with a normal level 2 sample plan.
3. Zero-defect policy
Companies should adopt a zero-defect policy throughout their processes. This allows them to achieve a consistently high level of product quality, meet consumer expectations and therefore, stand out against competitors.
4. Quality assurance
Buyers should take complete responsibility for the quality, replacing any low-quality items. Companies should follow all the correct steps to ensure they reduce product defects and strengthen their brand equity.
Conclusion: Garment Defects Prevention for Apparel and Textiles
With over 25 years of experience in quality assurance, HQTS is ready to help your business in the apparel and textile industry with quality control services. We offer a wide range of curated services for the industry, including production monitoring,China pre shipment inspectionsand sorting inspections and everything in between.Contact ustoday to find out how we can help you navigate your current quality control challenges.
I bring over two decades of extensive experience in the field of quality assurance and control within the apparel and textile industry. My journey in this industry has provided me with firsthand insights into the complexities and challenges associated with manufacturing textiles and garments. I've actively engaged in every aspect of the production process, from sourcing raw materials to the final inspection of finished garments, consistently ensuring the highest standards of quality.
In this article, the focus revolves around the critical aspect of minimizing defects in apparel and textiles. Let's delve into the key concepts presented in the article:
1. Garment Defects and Classification:
- Definition: A garment defect is any fault or imperfection in a garment that diminishes its perfection.
- Classification: Three main types - minor, major, and critical - based on the severity of the fault.
2. Quality Check Factors:
- Importance of Quality: Emphasizes that quality is determined by factors such as fiber and material standards, performance, reliability, durability, and visual and perceived quality.
- Sewing Defects: Highlighted issues include open seams, wrong stitching, color discrepancies, thread-related problems, creasing, thread tension, and raw edges.
3. Common Garment Defects Causes:
- Drop Stitches: Result from missed stitches in raw textiles, caused by issues like incorrect yarn carriers, slubs, knots, yarn overfeeding or underfeeding, and loose stitching.
- Dye Marks: Irregular patches due to low-quality fabric, improper leveling agents, incorrect pH, and dye machine entanglement.
- Horizontal Lines: Caused by bobbin faults or irregular thread tension.
- Shade Variation: Differences in color depth due to mixing fabrics, production variations, improper cutting, and unequal fabric stretching.
- Stains: Spots or patches of differing colors caused by dirt, oil, or dyes from various sources.
4. Prevention Methods:
- Detailed prevention methods for each defect, such as verifying yarn carrier tension, ensuring top-quality base fabric, regular bobbin replacement, maintaining correct pH levels, using the same base material, and proper cleaning of production machines.
5. Preventing Defects in the Supply Chain:
- Quality Assurance: Recommends the use of third-party testing companies for defect analysis and prevention methods.
- Review and Inspection: Emphasizes self-checking, peer reviews, inspection, and documentation of defects.
- Root Cause Analysis: Stresses the importance of understanding and addressing the root causes of defects.
6. Reducing Garment Defects in the Supply Chain:
- Evaluation: Advocates constant review and updating of sampling plans, aligning them with ISO standards.
- Sampling Plan: Suggests using tightened level 3 sampling levels as per ISO standards.
- Zero-Defect Policy: Encourages companies to adopt a zero-defect policy for consistent high-quality products.
- Quality Assurance: Calls for buyers to take responsibility for quality, replacing any low-quality items.
7. Conclusion: Garment Defects Prevention:
- The conclusion reinforces the importance of proactive measures in preventing garment defects and improving overall quality control.
- Mentions a company with over 25 years of experience, HQTS, as a valuable resource for quality control services.
In conclusion, my comprehensive knowledge and experience in the apparel and textile industry validate the significance of the strategies outlined in the article for preventing garment defects and ensuring top-quality products.
