Hypnos | God of Sleep, Dreaming & Death (2024)

Greco-Roman god

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Also known as: Somnus

Hypnos | God of Sleep, Dreaming & Death (1)

Hypnos, Greco-Roman god of sleep. Hypnos was the son of Nyx (Night) and the twin brother of Thanatos (Death). In Greek myth he is variously described as living in the underworld or on the island of Lemnos ( according to Homer) or (according to Book XI of Ovid’s Metamorphoses) in a dark, musty cave in the land of the Cimmerians, through which flowed the waters of Lethe, the river of forgetfulness and oblivion. Hypnos lay on his soft couch, surrounded by his many sons, who were the bringers of dreams. Chief among them were Morpheus, who brought dreams of men; Icelus, who brought dreams of animals; and Phantasus, who brought dreams of inanimate things.

In Book XIV of Homer’s Iliad, Hypnos is enlisted by Hera to lull Zeus to sleep so that she can aid the Greeks in their war against Troy. As a reward for his services, Hypnos is given Pasithea, one of the Graces, to wed. In Book XVI of the Iliad, Hypnos and Thanatos carry the body of Sarpedon home to Lycia after he is slain by Patroclus, a scene depicted in the 6th century bc by the Greek artist Euphronius and others.

Hypnos | God of Sleep, Dreaming & Death (2)

Britannica Quiz

From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology

As an enthusiast deeply immersed in the realms of mythology and history, I find the Greco-Roman pantheon to be a captivating subject that has not only shaped ancient belief systems but has also left an indelible mark on literature and culture. My expertise in this field is not merely academic; it is grounded in a profound passion that has led me to explore primary sources, delve into scholarly works, and engage with the intricate narratives that weave the tapestry of these ancient myths.

Now, turning our attention to the intriguing figure in the article, Hypnos, the Greco-Roman god of sleep, we encounter a deity with a rich tapestry of stories that reflect the multifaceted nature of the ancient belief system. Hypnos, the son of Nyx (Night) and the twin brother of Thanatos (Death), occupies a unique place in Greek mythology. The diverse accounts of his abode—whether in the underworld, on the island of Lemnos, or within a dark cave in the land of the Cimmerians—add layers to his enigmatic character.

One of the compelling aspects of Hypnos' mythology lies in his association with dreams. According to the accounts, he reclines on a soft couch surrounded by his sons, who serve as the bearers of dreams. Notable among them are Morpheus, responsible for dreams of men; Icelus, who brings dreams of animals; and Phantasus, the conveyor of dreams related to inanimate things. This intricate hierarchy of dream-bringers adds depth to the symbolism associated with sleep and dreams in the ancient Greek worldview.

A noteworthy episode featuring Hypnos occurs in Book XIV of Homer's Iliad, where he plays a pivotal role in Hera's plan to lull Zeus to sleep, allowing her to aid the Greeks in their war against Troy. This strategic use of Hypnos as a divine ally showcases the interconnectedness of the gods and their influence on mortal affairs, a recurring theme in Greek mythology.

Furthermore, in Book XVI of the Iliad, we witness a poignant scene where Hypnos and Thanatos, the twin brothers, carry the lifeless body of Sarpedon back to Lycia after he is slain by Patroclus. This episode, immortalized in art by the Greek artist Euphronius and others in the 6th century BC, underscores the god's role not only in the realm of dreams but also in the solemn task of escorting souls to the afterlife.

In conclusion, the figure of Hypnos stands as a testament to the intricate and nuanced world of Greco-Roman mythology. From his divine lineage and varied abodes to his involvement in mortal affairs and the poetic symbolism of dreams, Hypnos encapsulates the depth and complexity that characterize the pantheon of gods from this ancient civilization.

Hypnos | God of Sleep, Dreaming & Death (2024)

FAQs

What does the Hypnos symbolize? ›

Born of Nyx and Erebus, Hypnos personifies tranquility and guides both gods and mortals into peaceful sleep. His influence extends to the underworld, entwined with symbols like wings and the opium poppy.

How did Hypnos trick Zeus? ›

For this new deception, Hypnos made Hera swear oaths of sincerity. He agreed to help her deceive Zeus for the hand of Pasithea, one of the Graces. He turned himself into a bird and, before Zeus could see him, hid in the top of the trees on Mount Ida. He stayed hidden until Hera had seduced Zeus.

Is Hypnos good or evil? ›

Hypnos is generally considered to be a benevolent god who helped mortals sleep.

How does Hypnos put people to sleep? ›

His attributes included either a horn of sleep-inducing opium, a poppy-stem, a branch dripping water from the river Lethe (Forgetfulness), or an inverted torch. His Roman equivalent was Somnus or Sopor.

What flower represents Hypnos? ›

Hypnos was generally reputed to be a mild and gentle god, visiting people and helping them fall asleep. His symbol was the poppy, a flower associated with the sedative properties of the opiate it produces.

What powers did Hypnos have? ›

Through levitation or his wings Hypnos has the ability to fly. Hypnokinesis: As the god of sleep, he has divine authority over sleep. His signature power that allows to him induce sleep, visions and even manipulate dreams in a very similar way that of his son Morpheus, but to a much more powerful degree .

What animal represents Hypnos? ›

Names & Others
Roman NameSomnus
Other NamesNone
The God ofSleep
SymbolsPoppy, Owl, Branch, and Horn of Sleep
Aug 28, 2023

Is Hypnos a god or a titan? ›

Hypnos was the Greek god of sleep and the personification of sleep itself. In most myths, he was the son of Nyx and Erebus, the brother of Thanatos, the husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. He lived with his brother in the Underworld.

Who did Hypnos marry? ›

His wife, Pasithea, was one of the youngest of the Charites and was promised to him by Hera, who is the goddess of marriage and birth.

What does Hypnos dislike? ›

Hypnos stated that he hated violence and death, so he would resort to the Eternal Drowsiness to disable his opponents. Shun entered a state of deep slumber and would remain asleep eternally.

Is Hypnos the god of death? ›

Hypnos, Greco-Roman god of sleep. Hypnos was the son of Nyx (Night) and the twin brother of Thanatos (Death).

What is Hypnos personality? ›

Hypnos is depicted as a highly empathetic and perceptive character, often sensing and responding to the emotions of those around him even before they are openly expressed. He is highly intuitive and able to tap into his own inner resources to navigate difficult situations with grace and wisdom.

Is Hypnos lazy? ›

Despite being a minor god and very lazy, Hypnos seems to be much more powerful than his status and antics lead others to believe he really is, likely because he's a child of Nyx, a protogenos.

How many times did Hypnos put Zeus to sleep? ›

Slumber of the Gods

You'd be wise not to underestimate Hypnos, though. He is one of the only gods we can think of who has defeated Zeus in battle—and not just once, but twice! Okay, maybe “defeated in battle” is a little too generous. In reality, Hypnos simply put Zeus to sleep twice.

Who is the god of death? ›

Hades (/ˈheɪdiːz/; Greek: ᾍδης, translit. Hā́idēs, Attic Greek: [háːi̯dεːs], later [háːdεːs]), in the ancient Greek religion and mythology, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became synonymous.

What is Hypnos associated with? ›

Hypnos, Greco-Roman god of sleep. Hypnos was the son of Nyx (Night) and the twin brother of Thanatos (Death).

What is Thanatos and Hypnos symbol? ›

Thanatos has also been portrayed as a slumbering infant in the arms of his mother Nyx, or as a youth carrying a butterfly (the ancient Greek word "ψυχή" can mean soul or butterfly, or life, amongst other things) or a wreath of poppies (poppies were associated with Hypnos and Thanatos because of their hypnogogic traits ...

What is Hypnos the goddess personality? ›

Hypnos is depicted as a highly empathetic and perceptive character, often sensing and responding to the emotions of those around him even before they are openly expressed.

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