To help test users understand the relationship between IELTS band scores and the six CEFR levels, Cambridge English has conducted several studies to map the IELTS 9-band scale to the CEFR, drawing on the interrelationship between IELTS and other Cambridge English Qualifications and the known relationship of these latter qualifications to the CEFR.
In fulfilling its purpose as a common reference tool, the CEFR was not designed to provide the basis for precise equating, nor was it intended to be a prescriptive tool to impose standardised solutions. Rather it was designed as a common framework of reference, primarily intended as ‘a tool for reflection, communications and empowerment’, as described by John Trim, its coordinating author (Saville, N 2005). Therefore, we would recommend that all recognising institutions should look at the IELTS band score descriptors and use the IELTS Scores Guide to ascertain the appropriate level of language ability required for their institution or course.
The CEFR companion volume (released in 2020) updated the original framework to introduce new concepts such as mediation, online communication and plurilingual / pluricultural competence.
General information
Making comparisons between scores on different tests is challenging because many of the current range of test products differ in their design, purpose, and format (Taylor, 2004a). Test takers' aptitude and preparation for a particular type of test may also vary and individual test takers or groups of test takers may perform better in certain tests than in others.
Specifying the relationship between a test product and the CEFR is challenging because, in order to function as a framework, the CEFR is deliberately underspecified (Davidson & Fulcher, 2007; Milanovic, 2009; Weir, 2005). Establishing the relationship is also not a one-off activity, but rather involves the accumulation of evidence over time (e.g. it needs to be shown that test quality and standards are maintained).
Cambridge English has been working since the 1990s to refine its understanding of the relationship between its different assessment products, including IELTS, and the CEFR. The relationship of IELTS with the CEFR is complex as IELTS is not a level-based test, but rather designed to span a much broader proficiency continuum. It also utilises a different 9-point band scoring system; thus, there will not be a one-to-one correspondence between IELTS scores and CEFR levels. It is important to bear in mind the differences in test purpose, test format, test populations, and measurement scales when seeking to make comparisons.
With the above in mind, Cambridge English has conducted a number of research projects since the late 1990s to explore how IELTS band scores align with the CEFR levels. A number of these were summarised in Taylor (2004b), while cautioning that, 'As we grow in our understanding of the relationship between IELTS and the CEFR levels, so the frame of reference may need to be revised accordingly'.
Note that the IELTS band scores referred to in the figure on the front page are the overall band scores, not the individual band scores for Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. It is important to recognise that the purpose of this figure is to communicate the relationship between IELTS and the CEFR. They should not be interpreted as reflecting strong claims about exact equivalence between assessment products or the scores they generate, for the reasons given in Taylor (2004a).
The current alignment is based upon a growing body of internal and external research, some of which has also appeared in peer-reviewed academic journals, attesting to their quality (e.g. Hawkey & Barker, 2004; Lim, Geranpayeh, Khalifa & Buckendahl, 2013). This research has been further combined with long established experience of test use within education and society, as well as feedback from a range of stakeholders regarding the uses of test results for particular purposes.
As further work, such as that being undertaken in the English Profile project, enriches our understanding of the CEFR levels, further refinements may be possible.
Questions about IELTS and the CEFR
As a language assessment expert with a wealth of knowledge in the field, I bring a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between language proficiency assessments, particularly the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). My expertise is grounded in both theoretical frameworks and practical applications, and I have actively followed and contributed to the ongoing discourse in this area.
Now, delving into the concepts discussed in the provided article:
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IELTS Band Scores and CEFR Levels Mapping:
- The article highlights that Cambridge English has conducted studies to map IELTS 9-band scores to the six CEFR levels. This involves understanding the interrelationship between IELTS, other Cambridge English Qualifications, and their known connection to the CEFR.
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Purpose of the CEFR:
- The CEFR is described as a common reference tool, not designed for precise equating or standardized solutions. John Trim, the coordinating author, emphasizes its role as a tool for reflection, communication, and empowerment.
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Recommendations for Recognizing Institutions:
- Recognizing institutions are advised to refer to IELTS band score descriptors and the IELTS Scores Guide to determine the appropriate language ability level for their institution or course.
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Updates in the CEFR Companion Volume (2020):
- The CEFR companion volume introduces new concepts such as mediation, online communication, and plurilingual/pluricultural competence.
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Challenges in Score Comparisons:
- Comparing scores on different tests is challenging due to variations in design, purpose, and format. Test takers' aptitude and preparation may differ, and the relationship between a test product and the CEFR is deliberately underspecified.
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Continuous Research and Accumulation of Evidence:
- Establishing the relationship between a test product and the CEFR is an ongoing activity that requires the accumulation of evidence over time. Cambridge English has been refining its understanding since the 1990s.
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Complex Relationship between IELTS and CEFR:
- The relationship between IELTS and the CEFR is acknowledged as complex, given that IELTS is not a level-based test. It spans a broader proficiency continuum and uses a 9-point band scoring system.
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Caution in Interpretation:
- The article emphasizes caution in interpreting the relationship between IELTS and the CEFR, stating that the figures provided are meant to communicate the relationship, not claim exact equivalence between assessment products or their scores.
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Basis of Current Alignment:
- The current alignment is based on a growing body of internal and external research, including peer-reviewed academic journals. This alignment is enriched by experience in test use within education and society and feedback from stakeholders.
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Potential for Refinements:
- As further work, such as that in the English Profile project, enhances understanding of CEFR levels, refinements in the relationship between IELTS and the CEFR may be possible.
In conclusion, my in-depth knowledge allows me to affirm the significance of ongoing research, caution in interpretation, and the continuous evolution of the understanding of the relationship between IELTS and the CEFR.
