Whether it’s a late-night meal or a midnight snack, chances are you’ve heard a lot of tips and advice about whether or not it’s OK to eat before going to bed. From messing with your metabolism to maintaining blood sugar levels, there’s a wide range of thought.
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The truth is, you should avoid eating before bed, says registered dietitian Alexis Supan, RD. But, she adds, that’s not always realistic. Supan outlines the good and the bad about eating before bed and what’s OK to eat if you have to.
Should you eat before bed?
No, you shouldn’t eat before bed, says Supan, and one reason is because of the way your body functions. “When you eat late at night, you’re going against your body’s circadian rhythm,” she says.
It’s all about the way your body adjusts its insulin sensitivity. Your body is more sensitive in the morning on purpose. “That’s to help fuel our bodies, get us moving and get us through the day,” explains Supan. “But our insulin resistance kicks up at night.” The result is that those extra calories coming from your late-night meal or snack are stored as fat while you sleep instead of being burned throughout the day.
Another reason that eating late is bad is because that’s when we tend to make less healthy decisions about what we consume. “At night is when we eat the unhealthy stuff — chips, cookies, ice cream — as part of our nighttime relaxation routine. But it’s also mindless eating,” says Supan.
What’s OK to eat before bed?
Again, the best-case scenario is that you don’t eat anything before bed. But that’s also not always realistic. Maybe work keeps you up late or your eating schedule gets thrown off and you need, well, something.
“If you’re really hungry, steamed or raw vegetables is the best way to go,” says Supan. But if you’re in the need of something sweet, there are options that won’t do too much damage:
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- Vegetables (carrots, broccoli) with hummus.
- Other steamed or raw vegetables like grape tomatoes or snap peas.
- An apple with a tablespoon of peanut butter.
- Some fruit with a small piece of dark chocolate.
- Greek yogurt.
These options provide your body with protein and some healthy fat while also helping you feel full.
Just as important as what you eat before bed, though, is how much you eat, says Supan. “It’s really important to think about portions,” she notes. “When we get in a lot of trouble is when we’re just mindlessly eating out of a big container while watching TV or playing video games. It’s almost like having an infinite supply, which is dangerous.”
So, even if you break down and go for something sweeter, keep it to one or two cookies, not a whole sleeve or package.
What should you avoid before bed?
If you want a good night’s sleep, skip everything high in fat and sugar like that candy bar or bowl of ice cream. And you need to be especially careful about two other things:
- Caffeine: “Not only does it disrupt your sleep, but it plays a huge role in weight gain,” says Supan, noting a lot of caffeine intake in the evenings comes from soda and other high-sugar drinks.
- Alcohol: Besides extra calories, this can also can be disruptive to sleep. “Some people react differently to alcohol. While it may relax you before bed, it may still be disruptive,” says Supan. “Pay attention to how it affects you.”
Again, it’s about keeping your body as healthy as possible before bed to keep it from storing those excess calories as fat.
What’s the best time to stop eating before bed?
It’s best to stop eating about three hours before going to bed. That allows plenty of time for your body to digest the last food you ate so it won’t disrupt your sleep, but leaves a small enough window before sleep that you won’t go to bed feeling hungry. It also gives people with acid reflux time to avoid symptoms before bed.
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Eating your last meal too early is also a concern, though, says Supan: “If you’re going to bed hungry, that can also be disruptive to your sleep which can have some negative effects.”
But for people who are early diners but late to bed, a late evening snack — a healthy one like the suggestions above — might be a good idea to avoid that disruptive hunger. “That late evening snack, as long as it’s healthy, could even be beneficial to helping you sleep better in those circ*mstances.”
As for a specific time, Supan says it really depends on your day. Whether you eat earlier in the day, so your last meal is at 7 p.m., or you’re more of a night owl, so you’re last meal is at 9 p.m. or later, it’s that three-hour window that’s most important.
Keeping a three-hour window helps ensure a less disruptive sleep and a healthier body when you wake and get ready to face the day.
I'm an experienced nutrition enthusiast with a deep understanding of dietary habits and their impact on the body. My expertise is grounded in a combination of academic knowledge and practical experience in the field of nutrition and dietetics.
Now, let's delve into the concepts discussed in the article about eating before bed:
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Circadian Rhythm and Insulin Sensitivity:
- The article highlights the importance of aligning eating habits with the body's circadian rhythm. It explains that insulin sensitivity is higher in the morning, designed to support energy needs throughout the day. Conversely, at night, insulin resistance increases, leading to the storage of late-night calories as fat during sleep.
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Late-Night Eating Choices:
- Late-night eating is associated with making less healthy food choices. The article mentions common unhealthy options, such as chips, cookies, and ice cream. It also points out that nighttime eating is often characterized by mindless consumption.
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Healthy Options Before Bed:
- The article suggests that the ideal scenario is to avoid eating before bed. However, it acknowledges that this might not always be practical. Healthy options include steamed or raw vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli), an apple with peanut butter, some fruits with a small piece of dark chocolate, and Greek yogurt. These choices provide protein, healthy fats, and a feeling of fullness.
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Portion Control:
- Emphasis is placed on the importance of controlling portions, regardless of the food choice. Mindless eating from large containers, especially while engaged in activities like watching TV or playing video games, is discouraged.
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Foods to Avoid Before Bed:
- The article advises against consuming foods high in fat and sugar before bedtime, such as candy bars or bowls of ice cream. It also highlights the negative impact of caffeine and alcohol on sleep. Caffeine not only disrupts sleep but can contribute to weight gain, while alcohol, despite its relaxing effect, may be disruptive for some individuals.
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Timing of Last Meal:
- The recommended timeframe to stop eating before bedtime is about three hours. This allows sufficient time for digestion, reducing the risk of sleep disruption. Eating too early or going to bed hungry can also negatively impact sleep.
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Adaptation to Individual Schedules:
- The article acknowledges that the optimal timing for the last meal can vary based on an individual's daily schedule. Whether someone eats earlier in the evening or is a night owl, maintaining a three-hour window between the last meal and bedtime is highlighted as crucial for a less disruptive sleep and a healthier body.
In summary, the article provides insights into the circadian rhythm's impact on insulin sensitivity, the importance of making healthy food choices before bed, the significance of portion control, and the adverse effects of specific substances like caffeine and alcohol on sleep. It also emphasizes the individualization of eating schedules while maintaining a three-hour window before bedtime for optimal health.
