Kabuki (2024)

Kabuki (1)

Kabuki (‰Ì•‘Šê) is a traditional Japanese form of theater with roots tracing back to the Edo Period (1603-1868). It is recognized as one of Japan's three major classical theaters along with noh and bunraku, and has been named as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.

What is it?

Kabuki is an art form rich in showmanship. It involves elaborately designed costumes, eye-catching make-up, outlandish wigs, and arguably most importantly, the exaggerated actions performed by the actors. The highly-stylized movements serve to convey meaning to the audience; this is especially important since an old-fashioned form of Japanese is typically used, which is difficult even for Japanese people to fully understand.

Dynamic stage sets such as revolving platforms and trapdoors allow for the prompt changing of a scene or the appearance/disappearance of actors. Another specialty of the kabuki stage is a footbridge (hanamichi) that leads through the audience, allowing for a dramatic entrance or exit. Ambiance is aided with live music performed using traditional instruments. These elements combine to produce a visually stunning and captivating performance.

Plots are usually based on historical events, warm hearted dramas, moral conflicts, love stories, tales of tragedy of conspiracy, or other well-known stories. A unique feature of a kabuki performance is that what is on show is often only part of an entire story (usually the best part). Therefore, to enhance the enjoyment derived, it would be good to read a little about the story before attending the show. At some theaters, it is possible to rent headsets which provide English narrations and explanations.

Kabuki (2)

Kabuki conventions

When it originated, kabuki used to be acted only by women and was popular mainly among common people. Later during the Edo Period, a restriction was placed by the Tokugawa Shogunate forbidding women from participating; to the present day it is performed exclusively by men. Several male kabuki actors are therefore specialists in playing female roles (onnagata).

Spectators will notice assistants dressed in black appearing on stage. They serve the purpose to hand the actors props or assist them in various other ways, in order to make the performance seamless. They are called "kurogo" and are to be regarded as non-existent.

If you come across people from the audience shouting out names at the actors on stage, do not mistake this for an act of disrespect: all kabuki actors have a yago (hereditary stage name), which is closely associated to the theater troupe which he is from. In the world of kabuki, troupes are closely knit hierarchical organizations, usually continued through generations within families. It is an accepted practice for the audience to shout out the actors' stage names at an appropriate timing as a show of support.

Formal dress code is not required when attending a kabuki play, although decent dress and footwear are recommended. Sometimes, often on the first day of a run, some ladies may attend the show dressed in traditional kimono.

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Where to watch it

In the olden days, mainstream kabuki was performed at selected venues in big cities like Edo (present day Tokyo), Osaka and Kyoto. Local versions of kabuki also took place in rural towns.

These days, kabuki plays are most easily enjoyed at selected theaters with Western-style seats. A day's performance is usually divided into two or three segments (one in the early afternoon and one towards the evening), and each segment is further divided into acts. Tickets are usually sold per segment, although in some cases they are also available per act. They typically cost around 2,000 yen for a single act or between 3,000 and 25,000 yen for an entire segment depending on the seat quality.

Below are some venues where kabuki can be watched:

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    Kabukiza Theatre

    Above Higashi-Ginza Station (Hibiya/Asakusa Subway Lines)

    The Kabukiza in Tokyo's Ginza district was reconstructed and reopened in 2013. It closely resembles its predecessor except for a skyscraper that now stands above it. It is the most accessible theater for foreign tourists, staging plays almost everyday and offering single-act tickets and English audio guides. A small number of tickets for single acts are sold online and on the day at a dedicated ticket window. Other tickets can be booked online.

  • Kabuki (5)

    National Theatre (currently under reconstruction)

    The National Theatre offers kabuki performances during many months of the year, with English information devices available for rental before the coronavirus pandemic. However, the theatre is currently being reconstructed and scheduled to reopen by 2029, although the actual reopening is likely going to be delayed. In the meantime, kabuki performances are staged at the National Noh Theatre and the New National Theatre.

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    Minamiza Theater

    In the Gion district, just next to Keihan Gion-shijo Station or 5 minute walk from Hankyu Kawaramachi Station

    A couple of runs per year, each lasting between three to four weeks, are usually performed at the Minamiza Theater. English information devices may or may not be available, depending on the performance.

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    Shochikuza Theater

    In the Dotombori District near Namba Station

    A few runs per year, each lasting between three to four weeks, are usually performed at the Shochikuza Theater. English information devices are not usually available.

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    Hakataza Theater

    Next to Nakasu Kawabata Subway Station

    A couple of runs per year, each lasting between three to four weeks, are usually performed at the Hakataza Theater.

Historical theaters

These theaters no longer primarily serve as venues for performances, but are maintained for visitors to experience the feel and structure of a traditional kabuki theater. One distinct feature of traditional theaters is the absence of Western-style seats. Instead, the audience is seated on cushions laid on the floor within squarish areas separated by wooden beams.

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    Kanamaruza Theater

    15-20 minute walk from JR Kotohira Station or Kotoden Kotohira Station

    This wonderful, historic theater is open to tourists to explore on their own. Kabuki performances are held only for a couple of weeks in April. The Kanamaruza stands just a few steps away from the main approach towards Kompira Shrine.

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    Uchikoza Theater

    5-10 minute walk from JR Uchiko Station

    Also located on Shikoku, the Uchikoza Theater used to stage both kabuki and bunraku performances, but these days only bunraku performances are held infrequently. For most of the year, the theater is open for tourists to explore.

Questions? Ask in our forum.

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Kabuki (2024)

FAQs

What is kabuki answer? ›

Kabuki is a Japanese theatrical art form, defined by mime, acting, and music, but primarily by dance. Kabuki was developed by a shrine attendant named Izumo no Okuni around 1603 in Kyoto. Originally performed by women, it was a popular art for the masses with flamboyant and irreverent dances.

What is the message of kabuki? ›

Although the basic purposes of Kabuki are to entertain and to allow the actors to demonstrate their skills, there is a didactic element, an ideal represented by the notion of kanzen-chōaku (“reward the virtuous and punish the wicked”).

What is the main idea of kabuki? ›

Kabuki plays are about historical events and moral conflict in relationships of the heart. The actors speak in a monotone voice and are accompanied by traditional instruments. The Kabuki stage is equipped with several gadgets, such as revolving stages and trapdoors through which the actors can appear and disappear.

What are the three elements of kabuki? ›

The word 'ka-bu-ki' itself is made up of three characters that mean 'song' (ka-歌), 'dance' (bu-舞) and 'acting skill' (ki-伎), indicating the composite nature of this art that includes elements of music, dance and drama, disciplines that would in most other cases be performed separately.

Why was kabuki banned? ›

Onna-kabuki became so popular that oftentimes fights would break out between people in the audience. This led the shogunate and feudal domain to enforce stricter regulations on the performances, and eventually ban onna-kabuki for the reason of it corrupting public morals.

Is kabuki all female? ›

Originally, both men and women acted in Kabuki plays, but eventually only male actors performed the plays: a tradition that has remained to the present day. Male actors specialized in women's roles are called onnagata.

Why is kabuki only male? ›

Kabuki has been performed since the early 17th century. Plays originally featured both men and women. But the Edo government felt they would be too provocative and banned women. For hundreds of years, men have played every role and that tradition endures today.

What story does kabuki tell? ›

Plots are usually based on historical events, warm hearted dramas, moral conflicts, love stories, tales of tragedy of conspiracy, or other well-known stories. A unique feature of a kabuki performance is that what is on show is often only part of an entire story (usually the best part).

What does Ka mean in kabuki? ›

Explanation: Kabuki, traditional Japanese popular drama with singing and dancing performed in a highly stylized manner. ... In modern Japanese, the word is written with three characters: ka, signifying “song”; bu, “dance”; and ki, “skill.”

What symbolizes kabuki? ›

In Kabuki theater, actors wear elaborate costumes and makeup representing traditional Japanese culture. It is known for its creative and symbolic use of props. A paper fan, a popular Kabuki prop, can be used to represent a tray, a sunrise, the wind, rain, cutting with a knife, drinking, and much more.

What does kabuki mean in Japanese? ›

Kabuki literally means “sing, dance, skill.” A shrine dancer named Okuni is credited with giving birth to Kabuki by performing a series of dances in a dry riverbed in Kyoto. Early Kabuki (Onna Kabuki) consisted mainly of dance performances done by women.

Who created kabuki? ›

Kabuki is thought to have originated in the early Edo period, when the art's founder, Izumo no Okuni, formed a female dance troupe that performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629.

Are there five acts of kabuki play? ›

Answer: The Jo, or first act, was a slow opening, introducing the characters and the story. The Ha, or acts 2-4, sped up the action leading to a great dramatic moment or tragedy in act 3, with battles being common in acts 2 or 4. Finally, the Kyu, or act five, wrapped up the story in a quick and satisfying conclusion.

What makes kabuki theater unique from other theatrical forms? ›

While various Kabuki elements are different from other forms of modern theatre, Kabuki has pioneered many more—actors often stop to take dramatic and motionless poses called mie, kumadori makeup is applied to signify greater emotions, instant costume changes, the use of cables to lift actors high above the stage and ...

What is the word kabuki mean? ›

However, The Japan Times reports that kabuki comes from the verb kabuku, meaning “to slant or to sway” and is used to describe “people who were out of the ordinary and preferred to dress in extravagant attire.” As an art form, Kabuki is characterized by colorful costumes, music, stylized performances, and broad ...

What describes kabuki? ›

Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers. The term kabuki originates from a verb that was used to describe young samurai patrons, meaning "being weird" or "offbeat."

What is the slang kabuki? ›

Kabuki is a term used by American political pundits as a synonym for political posturing.

What animal is kabuki? ›

Kabuki is a cranky cat villager in the Animal Crossing series who appears in all games to date. He is named after the traditional Japanese plays of the same name, from which he also gets his ornate red patterning. His catchphrase is a portmanteau of "meow," a cat's sound, and "iyō" (いよー), a famous kabuki shout.

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