Made in China: Most of what you pay goes to U.S. workers and businesses, despite what the label says (2024)

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About 56 percent of what you pay for something “made in China” goes to U.S. workers and companies, on average, according to a new analysis released by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

The rules are complicated, but “made in China” roughly indicates a good was assembled in a Chinese factory. Its parts, design, marketing and distribution may have come from anywhere — and that “anywhere” is often the United States.

China is the United States’ largest trading partner. Companies import goods from China in part because their lower cost allows higher retail markups. That means more of what consumers spend goes to those companies and, indirectly, their workers.

Imported goods and services constitute a smaller share of the U.S. consumer market than you might think. San Francisco Fed researchers Galina Hale, Fernanda Nechio and Doris Wilson, along with Arizona State University economist Bart Hobijn, found just $10.70 out of every $100 we spend goes overseas. That number hasn’t changed in 15 years. (The most recent year for their trade and spending data was 2017.)

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Meanwhile, many goods we think of as “made in the U.S.A.” use foreign components. Nationwide, U.S. consumers spend almost as much on foreign-made components of U.S. goods as on finished goods made elsewhere.

International partners remain key to the supply chains of many U.S. companies. About 23.3 percent of spending on durable goods such as chaise longues, tablets and pickup trucks goes abroad.

The overall foreign-content figure is smaller than that of the manufactured goods you may be familiar with. It measures the full spread of consumer spending, and U.S. consumers spend more than two-thirds of their budget on services such as pet grooming, home rental and investment advice. Only 6.2 percent of such expenses end up overseas.

Overall, the United States imports about 11 percent of its goods. That number has remained steady for a decade and a half despite the rise of China. The report says China’s increasing share of U.S. goods has come at the expense of Japan, not of U.S. producers.

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Because the economists concentrated on consumers, they didn’t include the effects of government or business spending, such as imports of factory equipment.

What factors build value in the U.S.?

Retail costs and markup: Retailers like goods from China because they can often be marked up considerably. That helps the retailer pay for local workers, real estate, insurance and utilities.

Design: Apple stamps its products as “Designed by Apple in California, assembled in China.” The phrase is unusual. The workflow isn’t. The high-paying design, research and development jobs required for the iPhone and other consumer goods are often still in cities such as Cupertino, Calif.

Manufacturing: U.S. factories are more productive than ever, and some of their output is shipped to places such as China, where it’s assembled into “made in China” goods. These “round-trip” goods weren’t included in the economists' calculations. As a result, their figures may underestimate how much money stays in the United States.

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We often hear that factory jobs in the United States have vanished — and they have, at least in the long run. But thanks to automation and other technological advances, factories are producing more goods with fewer workers.

Marketing: Foreign and domestic companies looking to sell in the United States often pay American media and tech companies for advertising space. They may also pay U.S. marketers to create strategies for the local market.

Distribution and logistics: As with marketing, it’s hard to deliver a product to a U.S. retailer without paying for local delivery at some point in the process, whether directly or indirectly.

Made in China: Most of what you pay goes to U.S. workers and businesses, despite what the label says (2024)

FAQs

Why is everything that we buy in America made in China? ›

However, the availability of cheap labor is just one of many factors that have kept the "Made in China" label on so many products purchased by consumers around the world. It will take more than low labor costs for emerging economies to set up a business ecosystem that can compete with China's.

What is the Made in China policy? ›

“Made in China 2025” is a strategic plan that was initiated in 2015 to reduce China's dependence on foreign technology and promote Chinese technological manufacturers in the global marketplace. The goal is to reach this objective by the year 2025, a decade from the year when the plan first took root.

What percentage are things made in China for the US? ›

In 2021, the U.S. imports of $68.5 billion of Miscellaneous Manufactured Items from China constituted 53.2% of total U.S. imports of those commodities.

What is the Made in China initiative? ›

Made in China 2025's goals include increasing the Chinese-domestic content of core materials to 40 percent by 2020 and 70 percent by 2025.

What products in America are made in China? ›

Its top import product categories track with those of the U.S. overall:
  • Machinery & Electrical: 24% of U.S. imports from China.
  • Miscellaneous: 19%
  • Metals: 10%
  • Textiles: 8%
  • Plastics/Rubbers: 7%
Aug 30, 2021

What products do we depend on China for? ›

4 Industries That Rely On China Manufacturing
  • Medical Products Manufacturers. Medical products manufacturers continue to have their products made in China in order to reduce costs. ...
  • Electronics Industry. ...
  • Plastic Product Manufacturing. ...
  • Clothing & Textiles.

What is made in China known for? ›

The great bulk of China's exports consists of manufactured goods, of which electrical and electronic machinery and equipment and clothing, textiles, and footwear are by far the most important.

What are the cons of made in China? ›

Disadvantages
  • Finding a Factory. The first challenge is the difficulties finding the right factory that's willing to manufacture your products. ...
  • Language Difficulty. ...
  • Shipping. ...
  • “Made in China” Versus “Made in the U.S” ...
  • Quality of Work. ...
  • High Minimum Order Quantities. ...
  • Intellectual Property (IP) Risks.
Dec 19, 2022

Is made in China legally required? ›

These days, the label “Made in China” is everywhere. This is actually a Customs requirement: all imported products must be marked with their country of origin. Countries of origin are where products were manufactured, produced, or grown.

Do we get most of our stuff from China? ›

China was the United States' largest supplier of goods imports in 2020. U.S. goods imports from China totaled $434.7 billion in 2020, down 3.6 percent ($16.0 billion) from 2019, but up 19 percent from 2010. U.S. imports from are up 325 percent from 2001 (pre-WTO accession).

How much of the stuff we use is made in China? ›

— 76 percent of personal spending goes to goods made in the U.S., and 6 percent goes to goods made in China.

How much stuff is actually made in China? ›

According to data published by the United Nations Statistics Division, China accounted for 28.7 percent of global manufacturing output in 2019. That puts the country more than 10 percentage points ahead of the United States, which used to have the world's largest manufacturing sector until China overtook it in 2010.

What country is China trying to claim? ›

China and Japan have a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Tiaoyutai Islands in the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan).

What made China so advanced? ›

China was a world leader in science and technology until the early years of the Ming dynasty. Chinese discoveries and Chinese innovations such as papermaking, printing, the compass, and gunpowder (the Four Great Inventions) contributed to the economic development in East Asia, the Middle East and Europe.

What is made in China all about? ›

Being a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, Made-in-China.com is committed to tapping business opportunities for Chinese suppliers and overseas buyers, and providing one-stop services for promoting the international trade between the two sides.

How much US debt does China own? ›

However, this has declined over time, and as of 2022 they controlled approximately 25% of foreign-owned debt. As of January 2023, the five countries owning the most US debt are Japan ($1.1 trillion), China ($859 billion), the United Kingdom ($668 billion), Belgium ($331 billion), and Luxembourg ($318 billion).

What is minimum wage in China? ›

Minimum Wages in China remained unchanged at 2590 CNY/Month (370.098 USD/Month) in 2023. The maximum rate of minimum wage for employees was 2480 CNY/Month and minimum was 690 CNY/Month. Data published Yearly by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

What American companies manufacture in China? ›

Household-name consumer brands like Starbucks, Nike and Under Armour have a large customer base in China. Tech and automobile giants like Intel, Apple, Tesla, General Motors and Ford not only rely on Chinese consumers, but also have huge manufacturing networks in the country.

What are 4 major products of China? ›

The great bulk of China's exports consists of manufactured goods, of which electrical and electronic machinery and equipment and clothing, textiles, and footwear are by far the most important. Agricultural products, chemicals, and fuels are also significant exports.

What are the top 3 products China is famous for? ›

Exports The top exports of China are Broadcasting Equipment ($231B), Computers ($192B), Integrated Circuits ($158B), Office Machine Parts ($101B), and Telephones ($53.9B), exporting mostly to United States ($530B), Hong Kong ($323B), Japan ($168B), South Korea ($140B), and Germany ($134B).

What are the top 3 products in China? ›

Also shown is the percentage share each export category represents in terms of overall exports from China.
  • Electrical machinery, equipment: US$954.8 billion (26.6% of total exports)
  • Machinery including computers: $552 billion (15.4%)
  • Vehicles: $150.2 billion (4.2%)
  • Plastics, plastic articles: $143.5 billion (4%)
Mar 29, 2023

What things are mostly made in China? ›

What Products are Made in China?
  • Electrical Devices. China produces and exports a massive amount of electronic devices and components. ...
  • Clothing. Many different types of clothing are manufactured in China. ...
  • Toys. There are a wide variety of toys that come from China. ...
  • Furniture. ...
  • Machined Parts. ...
  • Automotive Parts. ...
  • Agriculture.

What is most commonly made in China? ›

Most Popular- Electronics & Technical Devices

China produces more than 90% of the world's total PCs. This translates to roughly 286 million units a year. China is also the world's foremost producer of cell phones. Over 70% of the cell phones used around the world are manufactured in China.

Are made in China products cheap? ›

Unfortunately, in the minds of ordinary people and some business owners, Made-in-China goods are still associated with low quality and low prices. This stereotype makes it challenging for businesses dedicated to excellence to build their reputation in the international market.

How much cheaper is Chinese labor? ›

These days, China's labor costs are only 4% cheaper than those in the U.S. when productivity is factored in, according to Oxford Economics. That's because wages in China have risen much faster than increases in productivity.

Are things made in China cheaper in China? ›

One of the most well-known advantages of manufacturing in China is that it's cheaper than making goods in many other countries. Lower Chinese manufacturing costs translate into better margins and lower prices for the end user. Your brand's gross profit can increase with the lower cost of production.

What are the requirements for made in USA label? ›

According to the Federal Trade Commission, “Made in USA” means that “all or virtually all” the product has been made in America. That is, all significant parts, processing and labor that go into the product must be of U.S. origin.

Can made in China be trusted? ›

Overview. Made-in-China has a rating of 4.02 stars from 135 reviews, indicating that most customers are generally satisfied with their purchases. Reviewers satisfied with Made-in-China most frequently mention good quality, and customer service. Made-in-China ranks 5th among Sourcing sites.

Is it illegal to remove made in China stickers? ›

If there is a label it's because there is a legal requirement to label products with the country of origin, in which case removing it would be a breach of that law.

Why don t we stop buying from China? ›

One of the main reasons why we buy so many products that have been produced or supplied from China, is because they can offer a lower manufacturing cost.

What percentage of stuff on Amazon is from China? ›

In fact, by our own research, Chinese sellers make up over 63% of all third-party sellers on Amazon. In this article, we'll look at how many Chinese sellers there are more closely and the tactics being used by Chinese Amazon sellers in 2022 to manipulate the platform.

How much money does China make from the US? ›

In 2022, the total value of the U.S. trade in goods with China amounted to around 690.6 billion U.S. dollars composed of a 153.8 billion U.S. dollar export value and a 536.8 billion U.S. dollar import value.

How much stuff is made in China at Walmart? ›

In America, estimates say that Chinese suppliers make up 70-80 percent of Walmart's merchandise, leaving less than 20 percent for American-made products.

What percent of American goods are made in America? ›

The distinction between the U.S. content of what we produce and consume is stark. Only 53 percent of the total U.S. final demand for manufactured goods, a subset of total output consisting of personal consumption, business investment and government purchases, was domestically-produced.

What country does the US import the most from? ›

The top five suppliers of U.S. goods imports in 2019 were: China ($452 billion), Mexico ($358 billion), Canada ($319 billion), Japan ($144 billion), and Germany ($128 billion). U.S. goods imports from the European Union 27 were $515 billion.

What percentage of clothes are made in China? ›

International trade figures further emphasize China's current position as the world's largest textile-exporting country. In 2021, China accounted for over 41 percent of the world textile exports, followed by the European Union and India.
...
CharacteristicTextile production in billion meters
--
11 more rows
Mar 27, 2023

How much of Chinese exports is really made in China? ›

By our estimation, the share of domestic content in exports by the PRC was about 50% before China's WTO membership, and has risen to over 60% since then. There are also interesting variations across sectors.

What percentage of the world is made by China? ›

China population is equivalent to 18.47% of the total world population.

Who owes China the most money? ›

At the end of 2021, of the 98 countries for whom data was available, Pakistan ($27.4 billion of external debt to China), Angola (22.0 billion), Ethiopia (7.4 billion), Kenya (7.4 billion) and Sri Lanka (7.2 billion) held the biggest debts to China.

Who was the first country to accept China? ›

Pakistan was one of the first countries that recognized the People's Republic of China. Over the years, the relationship has blossomed into an “All-Weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership”.

Why is Taiwan important to the US? ›

Taiwan has become an important U.S. partner in trade and investment, health, semiconductor and other critical supply chains, investment screening, science and technology, education, and advancing democratic values. The United States approach to Taiwan has remained consistent across decades and administrations.

Who is more advanced China or US? ›

By 2020, this had grown by approximately four-fifths to 139.2 percent. In other words, China's gross innovation capabilities (e.g., R&D expenditures, venture capital (VC) investments, advanced-industry output, patent output, etc.) are now almost 40 percent greater than those of the United States.

Why are jobs outsourced to China? ›

Outsourcing to China presents companies with access to one of the largest consumer markets in the world. China is also conveniently geographically situated between the Asian and European markets. This can provide you with plenty of opportunities to introduce your goods to other foreign markets.

Is China more advanced than the United States with technology? ›

The United States and other western countries are losing the race with China to develop advanced technologies and retain talent, with Beijing potentially establishing a monopoly in some areas, a new report has said.

What percentage of American clothing is made in China? ›

Still, China accounted for 35 percent of the apparel imported into the United States for the 12-month period ending Oct. 31. In past years, China has accounted for as much as 40 percent of all clothing brought into the country.

What is an example of made in China? ›

Examples of products that are made in China
  • Clothing and fashion accessories.
  • Tech accessories and gadgets.
  • Makeup and cosmetics.
  • Phones and computers.
  • Children's toys.
  • Pet supplies.
  • Outdoor and travel products.

What things made in China are actually amazing? ›

The Top 10 Products Manufactured In China In 2020
  • 1) Cleaning Products. Everything in this category has been selling off the shelves in 2020. ...
  • 2) Athleisure. ...
  • 3) Cooking Kits. ...
  • 4) Home Appliances. ...
  • 5) Artificial Flowers. ...
  • 6) Home Gyms. ...
  • 7) Clothing and Accessories. ...
  • 8) Furniture.
Apr 26, 2020

Is everything in China made in the US? ›

Virtually everything today is manufactured in China. While it used to be that gadgets, gizmos and other products were made in the U.S., Taiwan or a brand's home country, businesses are now outsourcing mostly to manufacturing facilities in China.

When did the US start buying everything from China? ›

In 1979 the U.S. and China reestablished diplomatic relations and signed a bilateral trade agreement. This gave a start to a rapid growth of trade between the two nations: from $4 billion (exports and imports) that year to over $600 billion in 2017.

Why does the US do so much business with China? ›

It supports US jobs.

While expanding foreign trade can disrupt US employment, trade with China also creates and supports a significant number of American jobs. Exports to China support over 1 million US jobs, and Chinese companies invested in the United States employ over 160,000 workers.

When did everything start being made in China? ›

Industrialization of China did occur on a significant scale only from the 1950s. Beginning in 1953 Mao introduced a 'Five Year Plan' reminiscent of Soviet industrialization efforts. This five-year plan would signify the People's Republic of China first large scale campaign to industrialize.

What percentage of our stuff is made in China? ›

U.S. goods imports from China totaled $434.7 billion in 2020, down 3.6 percent ($16.0 billion) from 2019, but up 19 percent from 2010. U.S. imports from are up 325 percent from 2001 (pre-WTO accession). U.S. imports from China account for 18.6 percent of overall U.S. imports in 2020.

Is Made in USA higher quality? ›

American-Made Products are typical of Higher Quality.

These standards ensure that products are safe for consumers and are made with high-quality materials. Products sold in other countries may not have to meet these same standards, which means they may be made with lower-quality materials.

What American companies are dependent on China? ›

Tech and automobile giants like Intel, Apple, Tesla, General Motors and Ford not only rely on Chinese consumers, but also have huge manufacturing networks in the country. Intel, Apple and Tesla each generates about a quarter of their revenue from China.

Which president opened up trade with China? ›

Nixon's visit played a role in opening China to U.S. trade eventually putting downward pressure on U.S. inflation.

What does the U.S. sell most to China? ›

Soybeans. Soybeans accounted for nearly one-half of U.S. agricultural exports to China at a record $16.4 billion, surpassing the previous year's record by more than $2.2 billion. China is the world's largest soybean importer, accounting for nearly 60 percent of global trade and half of U.S. soybean export value.

Does Walmart have stores in China? ›

Walmart entered the Chinese market and opened its first Walmart store and Sam's Club in Shenzhen in 1996. Today, Walmart operates hundreds of stores and clubs and multiple distribution centers in more than 100 cities across China.

What US businesses are owned by China? ›

Keep reading to see which U.S. giants are backed by foreign conglomerates.
  • AMC. Popular cinema company AMC, short for American Multi-Cinema, has been around for over a century and is headquartered in Leawood, KS. ...
  • General Motors. ...
  • Spotify. ...
  • Snapchat. ...
  • Hilton Hotels. ...
  • General Electric Appliance Division. ...
  • 49 Comments.
Jan 12, 2021

Which country does the most business with China? ›

China is the largest trading partner to Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. Given their proximity, those countries are hardly a surprise. But it is also the top trader with Russia—and Ukraine. In Africa, China is the top partner for countries like South Africa and Kenya.

What did China make that we still use today? ›

Many are surprised to realize that modern agriculture, shipping, astronomical observatories, decimal mathematics, paper money, umbrellas, wheelbarrows, multi-stage rockets, brandy and whiskey, the game of chess, and much more, all came from China—in additional to papermaking, printing, and gunpowder.

How much cheaper is it to manufacture in China? ›

Even at the lowest labor rate, manufacturing in China is cheaper by only $1.72, a savings of 2.2% over manufacturing in the U.S.

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