Red meat and bowel cancer risk (2024)

Red meat and bowel cancer risk (1)

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Red meat – such as beef, lamb and pork – is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, and can form part of a balanced diet. But eating a lot of red and processed meat increases your risk of bowel (colorectal) cancer.

That's why it's recommended that people who eat more than 90g (cooked weight) of red and processed meat a day cut down to 70g or less. This could help reduce your risk ofbowel cancer.

Other healthier lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a healthy weight, keeping activeand not smoking can also reduce your risk.

Red meat and processed meat

Red meat includes:

  • beef
  • lamb and mutton
  • pork
  • veal
  • venison
  • goat

It does not include:

  • chicken
  • turkey
  • duck
  • goose
  • game birds
  • rabbit

Processed meat is meat that's been preserved by smoking, curing, salting or adding preservatives. This includes:

  • sausages
  • bacon
  • ham
  • deli meats such as salami
  • pâtés
  • canned meat such as corned beef
  • sliced luncheon meats, including those made from chicken and turkey

Recommendations for red and processed meat

Adults

If you eat more than 90g of red or processed meat a day, it's recommended that you reduce your intake to 70g or lessa day.

You can do this by eating smaller portions of red and processed meat,eating these meats less often orswapping them for alternatives.

If you eat more than 90g of red and processed meat on a certain day, you can eat less on the following days or have meat-free days so that the average amount you eateach day is no more than 70g.

Children

Children over5 should eat a balanced diet, as shown in the proportions on the Eatwell Guide. This should include meat or other sources of protein. Children do not need as much food as adults, and the amount they need depends on their age and size.

For babies and children under 5, getadvice on introducing them towhite and redmeat, and other solid foods.

Portionsizes and cutting down

Theseaverage examples of the weight of various cooked meat products can help you find out how much red and processed meat you eat.

The amount in grams represents the cooked weight:

  • portion of Sunday roast (3 thin-cut slices of roast lamb, beef or pork, each about the size of half a slice of sliced bread) –90g
  • grilled 8oz beef steak –163g
  • cooked breakfast (2 standard British sausages, around 9cm long,and2 thin-cut rashers of bacon) –130g
  • large doner kebab –130g
  • 5oz rump steak –102g
  • quarter-pound beef burger –78g
  • thin slice of corned beef –38g
  • aslice of black pudding –30g
  • aslice of ham –23g

Cutting down

You can cut down on red and processed meat by eating smaller portions, and by eating them less often. Thefollowing swaps could help:

  • Breakfast: if it's a full English, swap either the bacon or sausages for extra mushrooms, tomatoes or toast.
  • Sandwiches: swap one of your ham or beef sandwiches for a non-red meat filling, such as chicken or fish.
  • Pie and chips: swap your steak pie for chicken pie.
  • Burger: swap your quarter-pound burger for a standard hamburger.Or you couldchoose a chicken, fish or vegetable burger for a change.
  • Sausages: have 2 pork sausages rather than 3, and add a portion of vegetables. Opt for reduced-fat sausages.
  • Sunday roast: swap your roast beef, pork or lamb for roast chicken, turkey or fish.
  • Steak: swap an 8ozsteak (163g)for a 5oz steak (102g).
  • Casseroles, stews and curries: include more vegetables, beans and pulses, and use less red meat.

You could also swap lamb or beef mince for turkey or vegetarian mince in your spaghetti bolognese, lasagne and chilli con carne.

Try to have a meat-free day each week. Swap red or processed meat for fish or shellfish, or have a vegetarian meal.

Red meat and bowel cancer risk (2024)

FAQs

Red meat and bowel cancer risk? ›

People with the highest level of red meat intake had a 30% increased risk for colorectal cancer; those with the highest level of processed meat intake had a 40% increased risk. These findings do not account for genetic variability that may put some people in the population at higher risk than others.

Does red meat increase risk of bowel cancer? ›

Eating processed meat increases your risk of bowel and stomach cancer. Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, has been classified as a Group 2A carcinogen which means it probably causes cancer. Did you know if you've had cancer, maintaining a healthy diet can help prevent it from coming back?

Does red meat increase the risk of cancer? ›

Eating too much red meat can increase your risk of colon cancer and possibly other cancers. Our dietitian offers advice on how to reduce red meat in your diet. Research shows that eating too much red meat can increase your risk of colorectal cancer.

Does red meat stay in your colon for years? ›

There are so many myths about meat, including whether it sits in your gut for ages after you eat it. Nothing 'sits' in your gut.

Should I stop eating red meat? ›

The researchers found "low" evidence that either red meat or processed meat is harmful. Their advice: there's no need to reduce your regular red meat and processed meat intake for health reasons.

Why is red meat bad for your bowel? ›

When we eat them, nitrates and nitrites can become N-nitroso chemicals (NOCs) that can damage the cells that line our bowel. This damage can lead to bowel cancer. Added nitrates may be the reason why processed meat increases the risk of bowel cancer more than red meat. This is naturally found in red meat.

How much red meat per week is healthy? ›

Dietary goal

If you eat red meat, limit consumption to no more than about three portions per week. Three portions is equivalent to about 350–500g (about 12–18oz) cooked weight. Consume very little, if any, processed meat.

Does red meat cause polyps? ›

Red and processed meat intakes are strongly associated with increased risk of sessile serrated polyps, which are not as well studied as conventional adenomas.

What foods are level 1 carcinogens? ›

The new IARC report places processed meats (hot dogs, bacon, ham, sausage, cold cuts) in Group 1: Carcinogenic to Humans, the same category as cigarettes. Red meat (beef, pork, lamb) is assigned to Group 2A: Probably Carcinogenic to Humans.

Which food is most likely to contain carcinogens? ›

Cancer causing foods
  1. Processed meat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is “convincing evidence” that processed meat causes cancer. ...
  2. Red meat. ...
  3. Alcohol. ...
  4. Salted fish (Chinese style) ...
  5. Sugary drinks or non-diet soda. ...
  6. Fast food or processed foods.

Does it take 7 years to digest red meat? ›

Meat and fish can take as long as 2 days to fully digest. The proteins and fats they contain are complex molecules that take longer for your body to pull apart. By contrast, fruits and vegetables, which are high in fiber, can move through your system in less than a day.

Is steak hard on the colon? ›

Red meat

A juicy steak or burger once in a while can be a healthy addition to your diet, but eating red meat daily can contribute to constipation. Red meat has no fiber. Fiber is needed because it adds bulk to stool so it moves through your system smoothly.

What's the hardest meat to digest? ›

Any meats that are tough or fibrous may be hard to digest. These include: meats with casings, such as hot dogs, sausage, and kielbasa. lunch meats.

Is steak once a week bad for you? ›

Red meat, such as lamb, beef, pork and venison, is a rich source of iron and is important in preventing the condition anaemia. Eating red meat once or twice a week may fit into a healthy diet, especially for toddlers and women of reproductive age.

What happens to your body when you give up red meat? ›

Energy Loss. You may feel tired and weak if you cut meat out of your diet. That's because you're missing an important source of protein and iron, both of which give you energy. The body absorbs more iron from meat than other foods, but it's not your only choice.

What foods should you avoid if you have colon cancer? ›

Low fiber: Avoid all whole grain breads, whole grain cereals, brown rice, whole wheat pasta, and popcorn. Choose white bread, rice cereals, white rice, and regular pasta. Avoid raw vegetables and juices with pulp. Avoid fresh and canned pineapple, prune juice, prunes, dried fruit, jam, and marmalade.

What is the healthiest meat to eat? ›

While meat can be a part of a healthy diet, not all sources are created equal. The leanest and healthiest meats to eat include poultry, pork, fish, and seafood. Eating a balanced diet is one of the keys to a healthy lifestyle, which means choosing various foods from different food groups, like proteins.

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