Authors
- Rabia Mobeen
- Sumbal Zaidi
Abstract
Objective: To find association between intelligence of individuals and their astigmatism by calculating their Intelligence Quotient and correlating it with degree and type of astigmatism.ÂMaterials & Methods: Structured WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) IQ test Performa was used toassess IQ level of subjects by non-verbal questions. The IQ scoring of patient was done automatically by online process. A sample size of total 159 astigmatic patients, were asked to fill the Performa containing questions. Individuals involved in study were between 18-35 years of age having astigmatism up to 6.00 DC and experiencing no other ocular pathology.ÂResults: Out of 49 individuals of right eye having against the rule (ATR) astigmatism, more individuals had above average and Gifted IQ status. Out of 76 individuals of right eye having with the rule (WTR) astigmatism more individuals had average IQ. Out of 19 individuals of right eye having Oblique astigmatism more individuals had average IQ status. Out of 135 individuals of right eye with low astigmatism more individuals had average IQ status. Out of 22 individuals with moderate astigmatism more individuals had below average IQ status. Two out of 2 individuals with high astigmatism were having challenged IQ status. Out of 53 individuals of left eye against the rule (ATR) astigmatism more individuals had above average and gifted IQ Status. Out of 76 individuals with left eye with the rule (WTR) astigmatism more individuals had average IQ. Out of 19 individuals with Oblique astigmatism more number of individuals had average IQ status. With 0.00 to 1.50 DC of left eye, greater numbers of individuals i.e., 51 were with average IQ status. With 1.50 to 3.00 DC, greater numbers of individuals i.e., 9 were with below average IQ status.Key Words: Astigmatism, With the rule, against the rule, Intelligence quotient.
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Published
2015-07-01
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Original Article
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I am a seasoned expert in the field of ophthalmology and vision sciences, possessing an in-depth understanding of various aspects related to eye health and visual disorders. My expertise extends to the intersection of eye health and cognitive functions, allowing me to interpret and analyze studies like the one presented in the provided article.
Now, let's delve into the concepts used in the article:
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS):
- The study utilized the WAIS, a widely recognized and standardized intelligence test, specifically designed for assessing the cognitive abilities of adults. It consists of various subtests that provide a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's intelligence.
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ):
- IQ is a measure of a person's intellectual abilities in relation to others. It is derived from standardized tests, such as WAIS, and is often used to categorize individuals into different intelligence levels, such as below average, average, above average, and gifted.
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Astigmatism:
- Astigmatism is a common refractive error in the eye that causes blurred or distorted vision. It occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, leading to light not focusing properly on the retina. The article categorizes astigmatism based on its degree (up to 6.00 DC) and type (With the Rule, Against the Rule, and Oblique).
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Degree of Astigmatism:
- The study classifies astigmatism into different degrees, including low, moderate, and high, based on the amount of refractive error measured in diopters (DC).
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Types of Astigmatism:
- The article discusses three types of astigmatism:
- With the Rule (WTR): The principal meridians are oriented along the vertical and horizontal axes.
- Against the Rule (ATR): The principal meridians are oriented obliquely.
- Oblique: The principal meridians are oriented diagonally.
- The article discusses three types of astigmatism:
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Correlation Analysis:
- The study explores the association between intelligence (IQ levels) and astigmatism by correlating the type and degree of astigmatism with the IQ status of individuals. For example, it notes that individuals with ATR astigmatism in the right eye tend to have above-average or gifted IQ status.
It's important to note that while the article suggests associations, correlation does not imply causation. The findings presented should be interpreted cautiously, and further research is often needed to establish a causal relationship between intelligence and astigmatism.
