The role of AMPK in metabolism and its influence on DNA damage repair (2024)

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The role of AMPK in metabolism and its influence on DNA damage repair (2024)

FAQs

How does AMPK respond to DNA damage? ›

Besides the regulation of mitochondria biogenesis, one of the most important AMPK-dependent actions, occurring after DNA-damage detection, is induction of autophagy and growth suppression of the cells.

What is the role of AMPK in metabolism? ›

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that regulates cellular metabolism. When activated by a deficit in nutrient status, AMPK stimulates glucose uptake and lipid oxidation to produce energy, while turning off energy-consuming processes including glucose and lipid production to restore energy balance.

What is the role of AMPK in lipid metabolism? ›

In eukaryotes such as mammals, AMPK is believed to act as a key master switch that modulates lipid metabolism by directly phosphorylating proteins or modulating gene transcription in specific tissues such as the liver, fat and muscle.

What is the function and regulation of AMPK? ›

The first known function of AMPK is the regulation of lipid metabolism. AMPK inhibits de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs), and activates FA uptake and β-oxidation (FAO).

What activates DNA damage response? ›

Three PI3K-like protein kinases are essential in DNA damage response: ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM and RAD3 related), and PRKDC (protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic polypeptide: the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs) (Blackford and Jackson, 2017).

What are the effects of AMPK? ›

During energy stress, AMPK directly phosphorylates key factors involved in multiple pathways to restore energy balance. The effect of AMPK on metabolism can be broadly divided into two categories: the inhibition of anabolism to minimize ATP consumption and the stimulation of catabolism to stimulate ATP production.

What activates AMPK in the body? ›

As a cellular energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated in response to a variety of conditions that deplete cellular energy levels, such as nutrient starvation (especially glucose), hypoxia and exposure to toxins that inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.

What happens when AMPK is inhibited? ›

Because AMPK is a critical factor for mitochondrial biogenesis, long-term reduction of its activity can lead to reduction of mitochondrial density/function in skeletal muscle, as observed in insulin resistance associated with obesity.

What is the strongest activator of AMPK? ›

Exercise is perhaps the most powerful physiological activator of AMPK and a unique model for studying its many physiological roles.

What stimulates the AMPK? ›

AMPK is activated when AMP and ADP levels in the cells rise due to variety of physiological stresses, as well as pharmacological inducers. LKB1 is the upstream kinase activating it in response to AMP increase, whereas CAMKK2 activates AMPK in response to calcium increase.

What are the benefits of the AMPK pathway? ›

Improves Metabolic Pathways and Insulin Sensitivity

AMP-activated protein kinase is a major cellular regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. Hypothalamic AMPK is capable of increasing glucose production if it senses that cellular energy is low. Glucose is the body's preferred source of energy.

How does AMPK regulate fatty acid synthesis? ›

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to regulate fatty acid oxidation in response to energy demand, nutrients and hormones by directly phosphorylating the muscle-specific isoform of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC2) on Ser-221 (corresponding to Ser-79 in ACC1) (for review see Steinberg et al. 2006a).

Does AMPK really work? ›

Fortunately, studies have shown that increasing your activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels can be an effective way to kickstart your weight management strategy, specifically when it comes to stubborn, stored abdominal fat. Indeed, an AMPK metabolic supplement can get you closer to those better-body goals.

What foods are high in AMPK? ›

Consume more fiber: Fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can activate AMPK and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. Consume more healthy fats: Healthy fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats, can activate AMPK and improve glucose and lipid metabolism.

What is the role of AMPK in glucose metabolism? ›

Activation of AMPK by pharmacological means have supported a role for AMPK in regulating glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity; therefore, AMPK may be potential target for the treatment of obesity induced insulin resistance given these processes are reduced in ...

What activates DNA damage response pathways? ›

In response to DNA damage stress, cells utilize a variety of signaling pathways to activate different cellular processes. This signaling network functions to ensure a proper repair of the DNA breaks and/or eliminate cells with irreparable damage to allow the organism's survival.

What is the role of AMPK in apoptosis? ›

AMPK promotes autophagy and mitophagy by activating UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) respectively (40, 41). AMPK initiates the apoptotic program via the activation of p53, p21, and p27.

What are the genes associated with AMPK? ›

The genes that encode the seven subunits of AMPK in mammals are Prkaa1 (α1), and Prkaa2 (α2), Prkab1 (β1), Prkab2 (β2), Prkag1 (γ1), Prkag2 (γ2), and Prkag3 (γ3) (Viollet et al., 2010; Carling et al., 2012; Hardie, 2014a).

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