The Sad Stories Behind The Ringling Brothers' Most Famous 'Freak Show' Acts (2024)

At the turn of the 20th century, many people who were born with unusual conditions joined "freak shows" in order to make a living. Horrifically, some were forced into it.

On May 19, 1884, the Ringling Bros. Circus officially opened for business, capitalizing on the extreme to earn a profit. And it worked: For many years, the most popular component of the circus was the “freak show.”

The Sad Stories Behind The Ringling Brothers' Most Famous 'Freak Show' Acts (1)

Wikimedia CommonsThe Ringling Bros. sideshow lineup in 1924.

Of course, Ringling Bros. was far from the only circus to offer a freak show to curious audiences across America. But it was one of the most famous, alongside the Barnum & Bailey Circus (and the two circuses would eventually merge in 1919). So, many of the people featured in that freak show became some of the most famous circus performers in the country.

But despite the splendor of circuses in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there’s no question that these shows had a dark side.

Some of the performers had been kidnapped and were forced to go onstage against their will. Others were mistreated by abusive staff members or by people in the audience, who did not see the performers as real people.

That said, there were some performers who were widely accepted and well-paid by the circus staff. In fact, some made so much money that they out-earned everyone in the audience — and even their own promoters.

Perhaps most surprisingly, the performers were not always born different. Sometimes they were “manufactured.” As Clyde Ingalls, the manager of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey sideshow in the 1930s, once said, “Freaks are what you make them. Take any peculiar-looking person… play up that peculiarity and add a good spiel and you have a great attraction.”

As medicine began to explain the unexplainable — and as some began to question the ethics of freak shows — these performances eventually fell out of fashion. But while they thrived, countless famous performers moved through their ranks. Here are some of their stories:

Annie Jones — “The Bearded Lady”

The Sad Stories Behind The Ringling Brothers' Most Famous 'Freak Show' Acts (2)

Charles Eisenmann/Wikimedia CommonsAnnie Jones, the world-famous “bearded lady” of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.

One of history’s most recognized freak show performers, Annie Jones was born in 1865 with her chin already covered in hair. It’s still unknown what caused her facial hair, but it was most likely hirsutism, a condition that leads to “coarse hairs in females in a male-like distribution.”

She began her career at age one — when she was featured at P.T. Barnum’s American Museum. After a successful stint at the museum, Barnum offered Jones’ parents a three-year contract for the girl at $150 per week.

Known as the “Bearded Girl,” Annie Jones had a mustache and sideburns by the time she was five years old. And she was so popular with audiences that other circus recruiters wanted to feature her in their shows instead — and some were willing to resort to horrific measures to do so.

While under the care of Barnum’s appointed nanny, Jones was kidnapped by a New York phrenologist who attempted to exhibit Jones in his own sideshow. Luckily, Jones was soon found in upstate New York. But then, the kidnapper made a wild claim that the girl was actually his child.

When the matter went to court, Jones quickly ran into the arms of her real parents. The judge called the case closed, and Jones’ mom remained close to her daughter for the rest of her career as a performer.

As an adult, Jones performed as the “Bearded Lady” or the “Bearded Woman.” And she also began to pursue her own interests, becoming just as well known for her musical skills as her bearded face.

The Sad Stories Behind The Ringling Brothers' Most Famous 'Freak Show' Acts (3)

Wikimedia CommonsA French poster advertising “The Bearded Woman” Annie Jones.

In her final years, she began to campaign against the use of the word “freak” to describe sideshow performers. But she was ultimately unsuccessful, and by the end of her life she had “known no other life than that of a freak.”

Outside the circus, Jones was married twice — the second time widowed — before becoming ill during a visit to her mother’s home in Brooklyn. There, she passed away from tuberculosis in 1902 at the age of 37.

The Sad Stories Behind The Ringling Brothers' Most Famous 'Freak Show' Acts (2024)

FAQs

How were people in freak shows treated? ›

Some of the performers had been kidnapped and were forced to go onstage against their will. Others were mistreated by abusive staff members or by people in the audience, who did not see the performers as real people. That said, there were some performers who were widely accepted and well-paid by the circus staff.

What was the most famous freak show? ›

Here are the top 10 freak show acts of all time:
  • The Hottentot Venus. Saartjie 'Sarah' Baartman's stage name was the Hottentot Venus. ...
  • The Fiji Mermaid. At some point in the 1800s P.T. ...
  • General Tom Thumb. P.T. ...
  • The Elephant Man. ...
  • Lazarus Colloredo and Joannes Baptista Colloredo.
Jul 6, 2010

What kind of people were in freak shows? ›

There were four types of human abnormalities on display in dime museums: natural freaks, those born with physical or mental abnormalities, such as dwarfs and "pinheads"; self-made freaks who cultivated freakdom, for example tattooed people; novelty artists who were considered freaks for their "freakish" performances, ...

When did circus freak shows stop? ›

“Freak shows” remained popular until the 1940's, when public opinion began to shift. Throughout the 20th century, several federal laws made discrimination against people with physical disabilities illegal, and the exhibition of “extraordinary bodies” was outlawed in some states.

When was the last freak show? ›

American Horror Story: Freak Show
No. of episodes13
Release
Original networkFX
Original releaseOctober 8, 2014 – January 21, 2015
6 more rows

What was the intention of a freak show? ›

Freak shows were selling much more than merely a cheap peek at a monstrous body. In fact, they helped to educate the public about their place in the hierarchy of classes, races, civilizations, and nations that was so crucial to the nineteenth-century worldview.

Why did freak show get Cancelled? ›

The Venice Beach Freakshow will offer its final performances Sunday, forced to abandon its boardwalk home because its landlord declined to renew its lease, according to the founder. The news came about two years after Snap Inc.

Is freak show a real story? ›

Here are the true stories that inspired major plot points in AHS Freak Show. Season 4 references John Wayne Gacy, the Lobster Man, Edward Mordrake, and more. In this video, Greg breaks down how AHS Season 4's most iconic characters were inspired by real-life figures and horrific crime stories.

Were geeks in carnivals real? ›

Geek was originally an early 20th-century term for a carnival worker who was so unskilled that the only thing the worker could do at the carnival to entice an audience was to bite off the heads of live animals. Essentially, a geek was a socially undesirable person who lacked any skill or ability.

Was freaks 1932 a success? ›

It was a box office disaster. Supposedly at the premier of Freaks, women fainted, people vomited, and all were horrified. In fact, the film was so controversial that Browning was never permitted to direct with creative control again. After just a few more films, his career ended.

Is PT Barnum a good person? ›

But beneath his carefully constructed gregarious façade, he was a truly terrible human being. “The Greatest Showman” tells a highly sanitized version of Barnum's days of duping the public and his contemptible exploitation of anyone he could use to make a buck.

What was the first freak show? ›

Barnum created a novelty act that would become one of the greatest attractions of the Victorian Era. Charles Stratton, or Tom Thumb, was eleven years old when first exhibited by Barnum in 1843.

What is a freakshow geek? ›

But a “geek” in the world of the freak show was a performer who delighted audiences with disgusting feats and tricks. While most people today associate the freak show with the exploitation of visible physical disability, the geeks were just “normal” people performing abnormal behaviors.

Are there still sideshows? ›

Coney Island USA's Sideshows by the Seashore Theater is home to the last permanently housed, traditional ten-in-one circus sideshow in the USA. They're here, they're real and they're alive! Freaks, wonders, and human curiosities — and you can experience the thrill at Coney Island USA!

What year is freak show based in? ›

American Horror Story: Freak Show begins its tale in the quiet, sleepy hamlet of Jupiter, Florida. The year is 1952. A troupe of curiosities have just arrived in town, coinciding with the strange emergence of a dark entity that savagely threatens the lives of townsfolk and freaks alike.

When did freak shows become a thing? ›

Shows of the early 19th century that are today considered freak shows were known at that time as raree shows, pit shows, or kid shows. Freak show did not come into use until close to the end of the 19th century, after the death of the American showman P.T. Barnum; Barnum is not known to have used the term himself.

How do circus performers live? ›

You live together, work together and eat together daily, you are never more than a few hundred feet away from your family. The show itself becomes a parent with everyone looking after the show kids. Kids learn good work ethics early on circuses, everyone has chores or duties that must be performed daily.

What did the freaks do to Stanley? ›

With this, the freaks launch a full-fledged attack on Stanley (including stabbing him in the crotch and throwing knives at him on the spinning wheel). At the end of the episode, we learn the freaks mutilated Stanley's body and turned him into a freak.

Does freak show have a happy ending? ›

The rest of the performers in the freak show go on to lead pretty happy lives including Jimmy (Evan Peters) and Dot (Sarah Paulson), who get married and have a child. Elsa (Jessica Lange) dies and is finally able to be reincarnated where she is reunited with the other freaks who have died.

Did freak show happen before asylum? ›

Although she died in Asylum, Freak Show is a prequel. It was confirmed conclusively in the season four episode "Orphans" that Pepper is the same character from both seasons.

What is a ten in one carnival? ›

There are four main types of classic sideshow attractions: The Ten-in-One offers a program of ten sequential acts under one tent for a single admission price.

Is Freakshow a ghost? ›

Although Freakshow is not really a ghost, in "Reality Trip" he had a ghostly aura just like the other ghosts in the series. He is the fourth villain to try to kill Danny's family and friends, the first being Vlad Plasmius, the second being Youngblood and the third being Dark Danny.

Who was in charge of freak shows? ›

P.T. Barnum and the Rise of the Freakshow

For centuries, cultures around the world had interpreted severe physical deformities as bad omens or evidence that evil spirits were present; by the late 1500s, these stigmas had translated into public curiosity.

How did freak get his nickname? ›

Before "Giannis" became a household name, those who couldn't pronounce his last name often called the NBA's reigning MVP the "Greek Freak," because of his rare, freakish athletic ability and ballhandling skills for someone 6-foot-11.

What happens to the Twins in Freak Show? ›

These tours were so unsuccessful that the Twins were abandoned by their manager at one drive-in and left without any money or transportation. With little option, The Twins found employment in a grocery store in the town they had been left in. Two years later the Twins were found dead in their home.

Why did freak go to hospital? ›

After having a seizure on his birthday, Freak is admitted into the hospital, where he gives Max a blank book, telling him to write the story of Freak the Mighty in it. Max returns to the hospital the next day to find that Freak died because his heart became too big for his body.

Who is Twisty the Clown based off of? ›

Twisty is based on the infamous real-life killer John Wayne Gacy, who is known as "killer clown". John Carroll Lynch, who portrays Twisty, later portrayed Gacy in American Horror Story: Hotel.

Why is pepper in freak show? ›

Pepper is originally a part of Elsa Mars' freak show. Elsa eventually reveals to Desiree that Pepper was her first freak. Pepper was abandoned by her sister at an orphanage, and later adopted by Elsa.

Who is Tate Langdon based on? ›

Tate Langdon from Murder House

Tate's backstory was based on the Columbine High School shootings - one of the first mass school shootings in America. Two students shot and killed 12 fellow students and one teacher, then killed themselves.

Are the characters in freak show real? ›

Some of the show's characters are based on real people, like Jimmy Darling (Evan Peters) with Grady “Lobster Boy” Stiles Jr., and Paul “the Illustrated Seal” (Mat Fraser) with Stanley “Sealo” Berent.

What was a Victorian freak show? ›

Freak shows were a particularly popular form of entertainment during the Victorian period, when people from all classes flocked to gawp at these unusual examples of human life. Novelty acts relied a great deal on shock, therefore performers were not revealed in the flesh to audiences until money had changed hands.

When were freakshows popular? ›

The “freak show,” or “sideshow,” rose to prominence in 16th century England. For centuries, cultures around the world had interpreted severe physical deformities as bad omens or evidence that evil spirits were present; by the late 1500s, these stigmas had translated into public curiosity.

What happens to the Twins in freak show? ›

These tours were so unsuccessful that the Twins were abandoned by their manager at one drive-in and left without any money or transportation. With little option, The Twins found employment in a grocery store in the town they had been left in. Two years later the Twins were found dead in their home.

How were children treated in the Victorian era? ›

With no laws to protect children, this meant they had few rights and were badly treated. Seen as simply the property of their parents, many children were abandoned, abused and even bought and sold. Thought to be born evil, children needed to be corrected, punished and made to become good citizens.

What was PT Barnum's famous saying? ›

"There's a sucker born every minute" is a phrase closely associated with P. T. Barnum, an American showman of the mid-19th century, although there is no evidence that he actually said it.

What is a geek in a carnival? ›

Geek was originally an early 20th-century term for a carnival worker who was so unskilled that the only thing the worker could do at the carnival to entice an audience was to bite off the heads of live animals. Essentially, a geek was a socially undesirable person who lacked any skill or ability.

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