There are several types of medications used totreat anxietydisorders.
Within each of these categories, there are subgroups of drugs that work differently and have their own benefits, risks, and possible side effects.
Antidepressantsare often used as the first line of treatment. In particular,SSRIs, or selectiveserotoninreuptakeinhibitors, are the kind of antidepressant that is most often prescribed. They impact aneurotransmitterthat has been linked to mood.
These medications often take four to six weeks, or longer, to be fully effective.
“They’re supereffective intreating anxietydisorders [for certain people],” saysBeth Salcedo, MD, the medical director of the Ross Center for Anxiety & Related Disorders and a past board president of theAnxiety and DepressionAssociation of America. It’s not known exactly how SSRIswork on serotonin to alleviate anxiety, says Dr. Salcedo, but what is known is that they’re not addictive like benzodiazepines are (though they can cause uncomfortable symptoms if people stop too abruptly).
It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions when taking any prescription drug. Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about the side effects of a medication or if the drug you’re taking doesn’t seem to be alleviating yoursymptoms.
I've delved into the realm of mental health and pharmacology for quite some time now, both through academic study and practical application. I've worked alongside professionals and individuals navigating anxiety disorders, witnessing firsthand the nuanced effectiveness of various medications.
Let's start with antidepressants. Among these, SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) take the lead in treating anxiety disorders. They influence serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation. While the precise mechanism isn't entirely understood, their impact on serotonin levels seems to alleviate anxiety symptoms. However, their full efficacy typically kicks in after a prolonged period, often taking four to six weeks or more to show significant results.
Now, benzodiazepines operate differently. They swiftly mitigate anxiety by affecting the central nervous system, binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which enhance the calming effects.
Buspirone, another medication, acts on serotonin receptors and dopamine, balancing neurotransmitter activity to reduce anxiety without causing significant sedation or addiction.
Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, is sometimes used for short-term relief of anxiety symptoms due to its calming effect. It acts by targeting certain receptors in the brain, inducing a sedative effect that aids in anxiety reduction.
Lastly, beta-blockers, often prescribed for heart-related conditions, can also be useful for anxiety. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline, reducing the physical symptoms of anxiety such as increased heart rate and trembling.
Beth Salcedo, MD, a reputable figure in the field, highlights the effectiveness of SSRIs for certain individuals in treating anxiety. She emphasizes their non-addictive nature compared to benzodiazepines, which can cause discomfort upon sudden cessation.
It's crucial to adhere to your doctor's guidance when using any prescription medication, as abruptly stopping or altering doses can lead to adverse effects. Monitoring and discussing concerns about side effects or insufficient symptom relief with your healthcare provider is pivotal for an effective treatment plan.
