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The mules fussed and the wagon's steel wheels rattled in the rose-lit dawn as Samuel Beiler, an Amish farmer, headed up the hill this morning to his fields.
It is the tobacco harvest season in Lancaster County, and Mr. Beiler, his wife, Mary, and his five children were flanked by other Amish families cutting the waist-high plants and hauling them in to 100-year-old barns to be hung from the rafters and air-cured.
The crop, worth $2,000 an acre, is one of Mr. Beiler's principal sources of income, but by no means the only one. On his 80-acre farm, Mr. Beiler raises corn and alfalfa to feed 50 milk cows.
At a time when leading agricultural economists have declared the small commercial family farm a relic, Lancaster County's 1,200 Amish farm families are thriving. With diverse crops on small farms, with a conservative approach to farm technology and with constant manual exertion, even by little children, this region's Amish have largely escaped the high debt that has put 250,000 to 300,000 family farms out of business since 1981. 'You Get Too Big'
''This isn't the first time things have been tough, and it's not going to be the last,'' said a 40-year-old Amish man from New Holland who asked not to be identified. ''Our leaders know this. If you get too big, you make a bundle in good times. But you lose a bundle when times turn bad.''
The Amish are providing a stable economic base to a county with one of the nation's most vibrant farm economies. Land prices are climbing. Farm implement and supply stores are busy. Banks are open and pursuing new farm customers. The value of the total farm output in the county is more than $700 million annually and rising steadily. Sloping fertile Lancaster County is crowded with white farmhouses and silos spring from the valleys like silver-topped mushrooms.
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