What are three 3 factors that can affect a medication's action?
- Age Factors.
- Body Weight.
- Drug Interactions.
- Drug Tolerance.
- Genetics, Medical.
- Pharmaceutical Preparations / administration & dosage.
- Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism.
- Pharmacology*
Drugs can exert their action sin three basic ways: through receptors, enzymes, and nonselective interactions.
- Differences in age, weight, genetics, and gender are among the significant factors that influence the differences in medication responses between people.
A patient's lifestyle habits may be interfering with medications. Negative lifestyle factors such as excess weight, smoking, physical inactivity, and binge drinking can affect the health of patients taking certain medications.
Other physicochemical variables such as particle size and surface area, dissolution rate, amorphism, polymorphism characteristics, and nature of the dosage form will also affect systemic drug absorption.
The main factors are disease, genetics, and age. Nutritional status, sex, hormonal status (e.g., the effects of pregnancy), and circadian rhythm have important influences. Maternal toxicity will affect the fetus. The absorption and excretion of drugs are frequently reduced by diseases.
- High launch prices, with the price of the drug then often increasing over time.
- Inadequate competition when market exclusivity ends.
- The interaction of market power, health insurance, and the lack of effective incentives for controlling product price.
- Resiliency (being able to adapt to change and stressful events)
- Strong bonds with family, school, community.
- Spirituality.
- High self-esteem and problem-solving skills.
- Parent involvement.
- Opportunities for positive social involvement.
- Recognition for positive behavior and achievements.
- Prescribing.
- Omission.
- Wrong time.
- Unauthorized drug.
- Improper dose.
- Wrong dose prescription/wrong dose preparation.
- Administration errors include the incorrect route of administration, giving the drug to the wrong patient, extra dose, or wrong rate.
Mechanisms of Drug Interactions I: Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion.
What are three factors that all drugs are tested for?
New medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used to check that they are safe and effective. New drugs are extensively tested for toxicity, efficacy and dose.
Drug interactions (DIs) are directly related to factors such as polypharmacy, aging, hepatic metabolism and decreased renal function.
Errors most often occur when communication is unclear regarding: drug name, drug appearance, why the patient is taking the drug, how much and how often to take it, when is the best time to take it, how long to take it, what common side effects could occur, what to do about a missed dose, common interactions with other ...
Non-adherence is a very common phenomenon in all patients with drug taking behavior. Complexity of adherence is the result of an interplay of a range of factors including patient views and attributes, illness characteristics, social contexts, access and service issues.
- physicochemical properties (e.g. solubility)
- drug formulation (e.g. tablets, capsules, solutions)
- the route of administration (e.g. oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, topical, or inhaled)
- the rate of gastric emptying.
Age, sex, physical activity, genetic phenotype, stress, disorders (eg, achlorhydria, malabsorption syndromes), or previous GI surgery (eg, bariatric surgery) can also affect drug bioavailability. Chemical reactions that reduce absorption can decrease bioavailability.
Dose, frequency, route of administration, tissue distribution and protein binding of the drug affect its metabolism.
- Lipid water solubility.
- Molecular size.
- Particle size.
- Degree of Ionization.
- Physical Forms.
- Chemical Nature.
- Dosage Forms.
- Formulation.
Possibly the most common side effects of any prescription drug are gastrointestinal issues, including nausea, constipation and diarrhea, because most drugs go through the digestive system to be absorbed. Other common effects include drowsiness, pain and skin reactions.
- the part of the body being treated.
- the way the drug works within the body.
- the formula of the drug.
What are the risk factors that can cause a decrease in medication effectiveness?
Below, learn about the five factors that can cause a decrease in medication effectiveness (among other reactions): human error, diet, lifestyle choices, other drugs, and your genetics.
Substances are placed in their respective schedules based on whether they have a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, their relative abuse potential, and likelihood of causing dependence when abused. Some examples of the drugs in each schedule are listed below.
- the social and economic environment,
- the physical environment, and.
- the person's individual characteristics and behaviours.
The most important properties of an ideal drug are: effectiveness, safety, and selectivity. If the drug is not effective, it should not be used. There is no such drug as safe drug: all drugs can cause harm. There is no such thing as selective drug: all drugs can cause side effects.
- Family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some families and likely involves an increased risk based on genes. ...
- Mental health disorder. ...
- Peer pressure. ...
- Lack of family involvement. ...
- Early use. ...
- Taking a highly addictive drug.
- Nurturing and attachment.
- Knowledge of parenting and of child and youth development.
- Parental resilience.
- Social connections.
- Concrete supports for parents.
- Social and emotional competence of children.
There are three basic parts to medical terms: a word root (usually the middle of the word and its central meaning), a prefix (comes at the beginning and usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning), and a suffix (comes at the end and modifies the central meaning as to what or who is interacting ...
- Carbon- Our body is made up of 18% Carbon. ...
- Hydrogen- It is used in the synthesis of water which is essential for life. ...
- Oxygen- It is essential for respiration, circulation, and many more physiological processes. ...
- Chlorine- It is used as a disinfectant for water. ...
- Sulphur-It is used in the synthesis of Sulfuric acid.
Examples of Schedule IIIN non-narcotics include: benzphetamine (Didrex®), phendimetrazine, ketamine, and anabolic steroids such as Depo®-Testosterone.
Some familiar drugs in the schedule 3 class include: Ketamine. Anabolic steroids. Buprenorphine (Suboxone)
What are the 4 categories of drug action?
There are four types of ligand that act by binding to a cell surface receptor, agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and inverse agonists (Figure 1).
Therapeutic Response, Cumulative Drug Effects, and Schedule Dependence.
Various factors govern oral drug absorption including drug solubility, mucosal permeability, and stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment.
