The process of culturing pearls was discovered in the late nineteenth century by the British marine biologist William Saville-Kent. Tatsuhei Mise and Tokichi Nishikawa learned of Saville-Kent’s discoveries and brought the information home to Japan where they received a patent for their process. While entrepreneur is often associated with Japan’s early pearl-culturing success, he was not involved in the initial discovery process. He married Nishikawa’s daughter, however, and became involved with Akoya pearl culture at the genesis of Japan’s pearl industry.
An Akoya pearl with exceptional luster ready to be harvested and used in jewelry. GIA.com
Japanese Akoya pearls are cultivated in bivalve mollusks of the Pinctada genus—specifically Pinctada fucata and Pinctada chemnizti. Today’s producers often incorporate a process of hybridization to achieve the pearl size and luster associated with Japan’s Akoya pearls. During cultivation, according to the , “Only one pearl and maybe an accidental Keshi pearl is harvested from one oyster. This is one reason why sea pearls are usually higher price than freshwater pearls.” Employing the technique known simply as nucleus insertion, the technique discovered more than a hundred years ago by Saville-Kent, Japan has become the undisputed leader of the cultured Akoya pearl industry.
From top to bottom, these Japanese saltwater cultured pearls show excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor luster. The differences in the sharpness of the reflections between each adjacent strand are subtle but still noticeable. From GIA.com
Typical sizes of Akoya pearls fall into a range between 6-8 mm, but they may range anywhere between 2-10 mm. Japanese Akoya pearls are famous for their luster which is sometimes described as metallic. The most valuable Akoya pearls are large, highly lustrous, and perfectly round in shape. While usually white in appearance, Akoya pearls may exhibit overtones of pink, cream or silver. Their enchanting appearance is why they have become synonymous with classic Japanese pearls.
Complementing Japan’s Akoya pearl industry, freshwater Biwa and Kasumi pearls are also renowned in their own right. Biwa pearls were once harvested from Lake Biwa, an ancient Japanese lake near Kyoto. Sadly pollution has all but ceased all Biwa pearl cultivation. They are more colorful than sea pearls and tend to be less expensive as well. Kasumi pearls hail from the misty waters of Lake Kasumi-ga-ura near Tokyo. Color-wonderful and Baroque in shape, Kasumi pearls are sometimes found in hues of vibrant purple, pink, and even golden-green. Consequently, whatever their origin—seawater or freshwater, Japan’s pearls have enjoyed worldwide esteem. View our Japanese Akoya Pearls>>>
