LibGuides: Citing references: Citation examples (Harvard style) (2024)

The information you include in the reference will dependon whether the journal is published in print (but uploaded for electronic access),only published online, or is a version found in an institutional repository. You can usually tell the difference by looking for page numbers.If each article in the journal begins at page 1, or has no page number at all, it is likely to be anonline-only journal.

Elements to include:

1. Authors
2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
3. Article title (in single quotation marks)
4. Journal title (in italics, capitalise the first letter of each word except linking words)
5. Volume number
6. Issue number (if present, in round brackets)
7. Page numbers or article reference number (Include the page numbers of the whole article when writing your full citation, not just the pages you have referred to)
8. DOI or web link for online-only articles

See the examples in the other tabs in this box.

Examples for articles in print copies of journal articles or a print journal accessed online (e.g. on JSTOR)

Traditionally all articles were published in print format in issues which then formed part of a volume and this way of citing them (giving volume, issue and page numbers) has been retained even though most are now available online. There is no need to include the DOI or web address for articles with volume numbers and page numbers or an article reference numbereven if you accessed themonline.

A single author:

Reference list:Gulddal, J. (2020)'That deep underground savage instinct:narratives of sacrifice and retribution in Agatha Christie's Appointment with Death',Textual Practice,34(11),pp. 1803-1821.

In-text citation: (Gulddal, 2020)

Two authors - include them both separated by and or &:

Reference list:Thomas, D. andTian, L. (2021)'Hits from the Bong: the impact of recreational marijuana dispensaries on property values',Regional Science and Urban Economics,87, article number 103655.

In-text citation: (Thomas and Tian, 2021)

Three authors - include them all, separate the first two with a comma and use and or & before the third author:

Reference list:Abu Salem, H., Gemail, K.S. andNosair, A.M. (2021)'A multidisciplinary approach for delineating wastewater flow paths in shallow groundwater aquifers: A case study in the southeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt',Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,236, article number103701.

In-text citation: (Abu Salem, Gemail and Nosair, 2021)

Four or more authors - include them all in the full reference, but for the in-text citationyou can just state the first author, followed byet al.

Reference list: Moise, L., Gutiérrez, A.H., Khan, S., Tan, S., Ardito, M., Martin, W.D. & De Groot, A.S. (2020)'New immunoinformatics tools for swine: designing epitope-driven vaccines, predicting vaccine efficacy, and making vaccines on demand',Frontiers in Immunology,11, article number563362.

In-text citation:(Moiseet al., 2020)

Examples for online-only journals

If the journal is ONLY available online, you should include the DOI or the URL in the full reference. Online-only journal articles may not have page numbers or reference numbers, or pagination for each article will begin with '1'. The rules for in-text citations are the same as for print articles.

Article with a DOI:

Reference list:Mair, A., Poirier, M. andConway M.A. (2021) 'Age effects in autobiographical memory depend on the measure',PLoS one,16(10), article number e0259279.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259279

Article without a DOI:

Reference list: Farrell, L.G. (2013)'Challenging assumptions about IT skills in higher education'. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 6. Available at: http://www.aldinhe.ac.uk/ojs/index.php?journal=jldhe&page=article&op=view&path[]=173&path[]=138 (Accessed: 23 June 2021)

Examples for versions of articles found in repositories

Authors will often put versions of their articles into institutional repositories to comply with funding requirements to make the research Open Access. These may be pre-print versions (before peer review has taken place) or post-print versions, also known as author accepted manuscripts(the final version of the text, following peer review, to be published in the journal).

Pre-print example

Allen, R. J., Horowitz, L. W., Naik, V., Oshima, N., O'Connor, F., Turnock, S., Shim, S., Le Sager, P., Van Noije, T., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S. E., Sentman, L. T., John, J. G., Broderick, C., Deushi, M., Folberth, G., Fujimori, S. and Collins, B. (2021) 'Significant climate benefits from near-term climate forcer mitigation in spite of aerosol reductions'. To be published in Environmental Research Letters[Preprint]. Available at:http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90004988.html (Accessed: 24 June 2021)

Post-print

For post-prints which are identical in content to the published version, you should cite the published version instead of citing the repository version.