Library Guides: APA Citation Guide: When Information is Missing (2024)

If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and then continue with other citation details.

Note:

An author/creator won't necessarily be a person's name. It may be an organization or corporationor a username on a site such a YouTube.

In-Text

If no author or creator is provided,use a shortened version of the title where you'd normally put the author's last name.

If you're citing something which is part of a bigger work, like an article from a magazine, newspaper, journal, encyclopedia, or chapter or short story from a book, put the shortened title in quotation marks in your in-text citation.

Example, paraphrasing:("A few words,"2021)

If you're citing an entire work, like a book, website, video, etc., italicize the shortened title in your in-text citation.

Example, paraphrasing: (A few words, 2021)

Anonymous

If and only if an item is signed as being created by Anonymous, use "Anonymous" where you'd normally put the author's name.

Alphabetical Order in References List

When putting works in alphabetical order, ignore initial articles such as "a," "an,"or "the."For example, the titleThe best of Americawould be alphabetized as if it started with the wordbestinstead of the wordThe.

If the title begins with a number, alphabetize it as if the number was spelled out. For example the title5 ways to succeed in businesswould be alphabetized under F as if it had started with the wordFive.

Library Guides: APA Citation Guide: When Information is Missing (2024)
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