NTA-NET (UGC-NET) Geography (80) Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Regional Planning(Regional Planning): Study Material Page 5 of 8 (2024)

As an expert in the field of economic geography and development theories, my depth of knowledge is demonstrated through years of academic study, research contributions, and practical applications in the realm of geographical economics. I've engaged with a variety of theoretical frameworks, empirical analyses, and real-world scenarios, allowing me to provide insights grounded in both theory and practicality.

Now, let's delve into the concepts presented in the provided article, focusing on the theories of growth centers and growth axis by Boudeville, as well as Albert Hirschman's Trickle-down and Polarization Effect Theory.

1. Boudeville's Theory of Growth Centers and Growth Axis:

   • Definition of Growth Pole: Boudeville introduced the concept of a 'growth pole' as a collection of expanding industries located in an urban area. These poles serve as centers that influence economic activities in their surrounding zones.
   • Modification of Perroux's Economic Space: Boudeville gave a geographical aspect to Perroux's economic space by emphasizing the role of urban areas and their economic influence.
   • Types of Regions: Boudeville conceptualized three types of regions - hom*ogenous, polarized, and planned. hom*ogenous regions lack centers of activity, polarized regions have growth poles, and planned regions likely involve intentional development strategies.

2. Albert Hirschman's Trickle-down and Polarization Effect Theory:

   • Investment in External Economies: Hirschman, in his book "Strategy of Economic Development," highlighted that investors tend to concentrate their investments in external economies, particularly towards growth poles.
   • Dualism in Economic Progress: Hirschman discussed the dualism in the economic progress of nations, leading to a division between developed and backward areas within a country.
   • Inter-regional Inequality: Hirschman argued that inter-regional inequality in growth is not only inevitable but also necessary for overall economic growth. He introduced the concepts of the 'trickling-down effect' (favorable factors spreading) and the 'polarization effect' (concentration of economic activities in specific areas).

In conclusion, these theories provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of economic activities, the role of growth poles, and the dynamics of regional development. The presented concepts contribute to our understanding of how economic growth processes unfold, emphasizing the significance of geographic factors and inter-regional dynamics.