Psoriasis Causes, Triggers, and Treatments: What Is Psoriasis? (2024)

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Psoriasis affects more than 3% of the US adult population. That is more than 7.5 million US adults.

Armstrong et al., JAMA Derm 2021

Did You Know?

• Life with Psoriasis

What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease (a disease with an unclear cause that is characterized by inflammation caused by dysfunction of the immune system) that causes inflammation in the body. [1] There may be visible signs of inflammation such as raised plaques (plaques may look different for different skin types) and scales on the skin.

This occurs because the overactive immune system speeds up skin cell growth. Normal skin cells completely grow and shed (fall off) in a month. With psoriasis, skin cells do this in only three or four days. Instead of shedding, the skin cells pile up on the surface of the skin. Some people report that psoriasis plaques itch, burn, and sting. Plaques and scales may appear on any part of the body, although they are commonly found on the elbows, knees, and scalp.

Inflammation caused by psoriasis can impact other organs and tissues in the body. People with psoriasis may also experience other health conditions. One in three people with psoriasis may also develop psoriatic arthritis. Signs of PsA include swelling, stiffness, and pain in the joints and areas surrounding the joints. PsA often goes undiagnosed, particularly in its milder forms. However, it’s important to treat PsA early on to help avoid permanent joint damage.

Symptoms often start between ages 15 and 25 but can start at any age. Men, women, and children of all skin colors can get psoriasis.

Psoriasis Types

There are five types of psoriasis.

  1. Plaque Psoriasis
  2. Guttate Psoriasis
  3. Pustular Psoriasis
  4. Inverse Psoriasis
  5. Erythrodermic Psoriasis

It is possible to have more than one type of psoriasis at one time and more than one type in a lifetime. Treatments may vary depending on the type and location of the psoriasis.

Psoriasis Causes, Triggers, and Treatments: What Is Psoriasis? (1)

Plaque Psoriasis

Psoriasis Causes, Triggers, and Treatments: What Is Psoriasis? (2)

Guttate Psoriasis

Psoriasis Causes, Triggers, and Treatments: What Is Psoriasis? (3)

Inverse Psoriasis

Psoriasis Locations

Psoriasis locations can be anywhere on the body. Common psoriasis locations:

  • Ears
  • Eyelids
  • Feet
  • Hands
  • Nails
  • Scalp
  • Skin folds (including genitals)

Plaques can be a few small patches or can affect large areas. It’s possible to have psoriasis plaques and scales in more than one location on the body at a time. Psoriasis on certain locations, called high-impact sites, can have an increased negative impact on quality of life, regardless of the total area affected by psoriasis.

Locations and Types

Causes and Triggers

While scientists do not know what exactly causes psoriasis, we do know that the immune system and genetics play major roles in its development. One thing we do know: psoriasis is not contagious. You cannot catch psoriasis from another person. Usually, something triggers psoriasis, causing symptoms to appear or worsen. Triggers vary from person to person.

Causes and Triggers

Life with Psoriasis

As with other chronic diseases, psoriasis may affect areas of your life other than your physical health. Psoriasis may affect your emotional health, your relationships, and how you handle stress. It could even affect areas of your life that you wouldn’t expect, such as the clothes that you choose to wear. For some people, living with psoriasis can be a challenge. However, there are ways to handle those challenges so you can thrive with psoriasis.

Life with Psoriasis

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Skin of Color Resource Center

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What Can I Do?

Although there is no cure, there are more effective psoriasis treatments today than ever before. Treating psoriasis can help improve symptoms as well as lower the risk of developing psoriasis comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and depression.

What can I do?

Learn More about Psoriasis

Request your free guide to get you up to speed on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic disease where skin cells build up quickly, typically causing red or discolored, scaly, and itchy patches on the skin. It is not contagious and can vary in severity.

What Causes Psoriasis?

The cause of psoriasis is not fully understood. It is believed to be caused by genetics, the immune system, and the environment.

Is Psoriasis Contagious?

No. Because psoriasis is non-infectious, one individual cannot transmit it to another via physical touch.

What Are the Triggers of Psoriasis?

Psoriasis triggers can vary from person to person, but common triggers include stress, infections, cold weather, certain medications, and skin injuries.

Is There a Cure for Psoriasis?

Currently, there is no known cure for psoriasis, but various treatments can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected.

References

*According to the Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis.

Rodrigo Valdes-Rodriguez, M.D., Shawn G. Kwatra, M.D., Gil Yosipovitch, M.D. (2018). Itch in Psoriasis: From Basic Mechanisms to Practical Treatments. Psoriasis Forum,Volume: 18a issue: 3,page(s): 110-117.

Last updated on 1/30/24 by the National Psoriasis Foundation.

Psoriasis Causes, Triggers, and Treatments: What Is Psoriasis? (2024)

FAQs

What is the main trigger for psoriasis? ›

Common psoriasis triggers include: an injury to your skin, such as a cut, scrape, insect bite or sunburn – this is called the Koebner response. drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. smoking.

What is the root cause of psoriasis? ›

The cause of psoriasis isn't fully understood. It's thought to be an immune system problem where infection-fighting cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake. Researchers believe that both genetics and environmental factors play a role. The condition is not contagious.

Should I be worried if I have psoriasis? ›

People with psoriasis are at higher risk for certain related conditions, like cardiovascular (heart) disease, depression and other mental health issues, and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes. These related diseases are known as comorbidities.

How can psoriasis be cured? ›

There isn't a cure for psoriasis, but psoriasis treatments can improve symptoms. Your provider may prescribe a special cream or moisturizer or medications. Other therapies are available if creams or medicines don't work. Maintaining your overall health will also help improve symptoms.

Is coffee bad for psoriasis? ›

Sipping 3 cups of coffee a day — the most common amount among the participants — was found to be the most beneficial. But here's that paradox: The results also showed that drinking too much coffee may worsen psoriasis. Participants who averaged 4 or more cups daily had the most severe flare-ups.

What clears psoriasis fast? ›

Hydrocortisone creams and ointments. You can buy a mild corticosteroid like hydrocortisone without a prescription. For a few small patches of psoriasis, a mild hydrocortisone works well. If you have more than a few small patches, you'll likely need a prescription corticosteroid to see results.

What organs does psoriasis affect? ›

You'll probably think of skin issues first, but your eyes, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal (GI) tract (stomach and intestines), liver and kidneys may also be affected. Skin. Psoriasis appears first in 60% to 80% of patients, usually followed within 10 years — but sometimes longer — by arthritis.

How do you calm down a psoriasis flare-up? ›

Try these self-care measures to better manage your psoriasis:
  1. Take daily baths. ...
  2. Keep your skin moist. ...
  3. Cover the affected areas overnight. ...
  4. Expose your skin to small amounts of sunlight. ...
  5. Avoid scratching. ...
  6. Avoid psoriasis triggers. ...
  7. Stay cool. ...
  8. Strive to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
May 17, 2024

What can cause psoriasis to go away? ›

Psoriasis has no cure, and there's no guaranteed way to get rid of symptoms for good. You cannot force psoriasis to go into remission. But you can improve your chances of going into remission and staying in remission longer by avoiding psoriasis triggers, including: Stress.

What can be mistaken for psoriasis? ›

Conditions That Can Look Like Psoriasis but Aren't
  • Eczema.
  • Seborrheic Dermatitis.
  • Irritant or Allergic Contact Dermatitis.
  • Parapsoriasis.
  • Skin Cancer.
  • Keratosis Pilaris.
  • Pityriasis Rosea.
  • Ringworm.
Oct 12, 2023

What age does psoriasis worsen? ›

Psoriasis can start at any age in both men and women. But it seems to peak in people between the ages of 20 and 30, as well as those between 50 and 60. Puberty and menopause also seem to trigger patches. Doctors think hormones may be the link.

Where does psoriasis usually start? ›

Patches of skin become scaly and inflamed, most often on the scalp, elbows, or knees, but other parts of the body can be affected as well. Scientists do not fully understand what causes psoriasis, but they know that it involves a mix of genetics and environmental factors.

What happens if psoriasis is left untreated? ›

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes thick skin plaques to form on the body. Without treatment, psoriasis can cause symptoms such as itchiness and pain. It can also lead to other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, psoriatic arthritis, and type 2 diabetes.

What is the best thing to heal psoriasis? ›

Steroid creams or ointments (topical corticosteroids) are commonly used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis in most areas of the body. The treatment works by reducing inflammation. This slows the production of skin cells and reduces itching. Topical corticosteroids range in strength from mild to very strong.

Can you ever fully get rid of psoriasis? ›

There is currently no cure for psoriasis. However, the available treatment options can help reduce the impact of psoriasis. In many cases, these options can allow a person to achieve remission. There are several psoriasis treatments to choose from, including topicals, phototherapy, and systemic medications.

What deficiency causes psoriasis? ›

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by raised, inflamed and scaly patches of skin that can also be itchy and painful. The severity of psoriasis varies greatly from person to person. New research shows that low vitamin D levels may be associated with more severe psoriasis.

What organ is responsible for psoriasis? ›

Psoriasis is a skin disease that results from a faulty immune system. Instead of only targeting viruses and bacteria, your immune system turns on healthy tissue. It attacks your skin, which speeds up how quickly your skin cells multiply. Skin usually takes a month to grow and fall off.

How do you detox your body from psoriasis? ›

Some research suggests that adding more whole grains to your diet lowers levels of inflammation, which may be beneficial for psoriasis. Instead of following a short-term detox diet, stick to a nutritious, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, protein, and heart-healthy fats.

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