Science of sous-vide: Why more chefs embrace cooking in water - WTOP News (2024)

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WASHINGTON Throwing a filet over a charcoal-fueled flame is a delicious way to prepare a steak but it isn’t the only way.

Instead of fire, more professional chefs and home cooks are turning to water to cook their food using the technique known as sous-vide.

The sous-vide method of cooking emerged in the restaurant industry about 50 years ago. Since then, it has become a staple in modern cuisine and is used in high-end restaurants and fast-casual kitchens, including Starbucks and Panera, across the globe.

Simply put, the sous-vide process involves cooking a vacuum-sealed ingredient in a circulating water bath that’s regulated at a precise temperature for an extended period of time.

The result is a product that’s perfectly cooked (imagine a medium-rare steak that is pink from edge to edge — not just in the center) and nutrient-rich. And while meat and fish are ideal for the sous-vide method, everything from grains to vegetables to desserts can be prepared using the technique.

Bruno Goussault, a sous-vide pioneer and chief food scientist at the Sterling, Virginia-based Cuisine Solutions, has been perfecting the art of sous-vide since the 1970s. Recently, he invited WTOP inside his CREA (Culinary Research and Education Academy) kitchen which looks more like a science lab to explain the steps and the science behind sous-vide.

Step 1: Seal the ingredient

In contrast to poaching (another method in which an ingredient is cooked in water), sous-vide requires that ingredients enter the water bath in a vacuum-sealed bag. This keeps the water from directly altering the texture and flavor of the meat over the length of the cooking process.

“It needs a skin,” Goussault said.

The tight plastic bag acts as that skin.

Science of sous-vide: Why more chefs embrace cooking in water - WTOP News (1)

Temperature: The secret ingredient

The most important part of the sous-vide cooking method is the temperature at which the food is cooked, says Goussault, who admits his favorite tool in life is his thermometer.

In the water bath, the heat from the water is transferred to the ingredient. The water cooks the food slowly and keeps it at or under the temperature of the water, making it virtually impossible to overcook the food.

Different ingredients cook best at different times and temperatures. Flank steak, for example, may be cooked in a water bath at 141.8 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 hours, whereas a piece of halibut may be prepared in a bath of 129.2 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes.

“It’s a world of science,” Goussault said about finding the right temperature for each ingredient.

Season and sear

Food that has been cooked in vacuum-packed plastic for several hours isn’t exactly appetizing. Its color may be gray, its texture may be mushy and the flavors may be lacking. That is why seasoning and searing are still important steps, even in the sous-vide process.

Some recipes call for a meat to be seared ahead of the water bath. Others instruct chefs to brown the meat after it’s fully cooked. Goussault says searing, grilling and sauteing don’t just add a noticeable amount of color to an ingredient. These steps also add essential flavors, structures and aromas — a result of the Maillard reaction.

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Equipment

The sous-vide contraptions inside Goussault’s CREA kitchen are professional pieces of equipment. However, one doesn’t need to spend thousands on a sous-vide device. These days, home cooks can try their hand at the technique using a simple stick-like circulator, which retails for around $200 to $300. These circulators attach to the inside of any cooking pot or container, making them accessible to the home cook.

However, Goussault does not recommend running out and purchasing sous-vide tools to use at home. The technique is difficult, he says, and, if not used correctly, can have undesirable results.

“If you want to have a really beautiful product, you need to learn. You need to understand what’s happened … and to learn the process,” he said.

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FAQs

Science of sous-vide: Why more chefs embrace cooking in water - WTOP News? ›

In the water bath, the heat from the water is transferred to the ingredient. The water cooks the food slowly and keeps it at or under the temperature of the water, making it virtually impossible to overcook the food. Different ingredients cook best at different times and temperatures.

What does Gordon Ramsay think of sous vide? ›

He doesn't seem to be an especially outspoken proponent of sous vide cooking, possibly due to a long-ago scandal where patrons of his restaurants felt cheated when they found out that their meals had been prepared in advance and heated up via this "boil in a bag" technique, but he does have a pretty dramatic method for ...

Do high end chefs use sous vide? ›

When you're working in a professional kitchen, there's no room for error, and things have to be done exactly by the book. This is where sous vide really comes into its own, allowing chefs an unparalleled level of control over their dishes.

What is so special about sous vide cooking? ›

The sealed bag allows whatever is inside to cook alongside its own juices as well as any seasoning or marinades added to the bag, with no loss like in other cooking methods. The temperature control also allows for the food to be cooked for extended periods of time without being considered overcooked.

Why do chefs put meat in a water bath? ›

Sous vide cooking is almost completely hands off; just season, seal, and submerge the pouch in the water bath. Because food cooks at its ideal temperature, it can't overcook or undercook. Your steak will always come out cooked just as you preferIt, every single time – just dial the temperature in and forget it.

Do Michelin star restaurants use sous vide? ›

Over two decades ago, Thomas Keller introduced sous vide technology to the kitchens of his three-Michelin-star restaurants, The French Laundry and Per Se .

What is a disadvantage of sous vide? ›

If you're not careful about cooking times (as specified by the product manufacturer), your food can become contaminated. In addition, if your food is not properly vacuum sealed, or your food becomes contaminated during prep, cooking sous-vide poses an additional threat.

Do major steakhouses use sous vide? ›

Do Steakhouses use Sous Vide Cooking Methods? Pre-cooking juicy steaks using sous vide is common in steakhouses across the United States. This might come as a surprise to frequent steakhouse customers, but using the technique allows chefs to cook great tasting steaks every time.

Is sous vide healthier than grilling? ›

Sous Vide locks in all nutrition.

When we boil, grill, or fry foods, it loses nutrients, but with Sous Vide, all the goodness is sealed into the packing and not lost during the cooking process. This also ensures that your food comes out tender and full of delicious flavour.

Can you use Ziploc bags for sous vide? ›

Ziplock and Glad brand bags are made from polyethylene plastic, and are free of BPAs and dioxins. A good rule of thumb is that when a bag is rated as microwave safe (which requires FDA approval) you can use it for sous vide. Even Dr. Schaffner agrees.

What is the best meat to sous vide? ›

The best meat to sous vide for 48-72 hours at 135°F (57°C) is beef brisket, while pork shoulder can be cooked between 24-36 hours at 165°F (74°C). Results are always tender and juicy, making for perfect leftovers in sandwiches, tacos, or any other dish calling for shredded meat.

What is the best thing to make in a sous vide? ›

The Best Foods To Cook Sous Vide
  • Tougher Cuts of Meat. What's important to remember here is that a 'tougher' or 'cheaper' cut of meat, doesn't necessarily mean a 'worse' cut. ...
  • Eggs. Eggs are one of the most popular foods to cook sous-vide for a couple of reasons. ...
  • Pork. ...
  • Lamb. ...
  • Carrots. ...
  • Filleted Fish. ...
  • Liver. ...
  • Fillet Steak.

Was sous vide a fad? ›

Some see it as something of a fad due to the way the foodie media world has taken to this fancy-sounding French name, but sous vide is actually so common in fine dining restaurants that half the time they don't even bother to mention it on the menu.

Why bother with sous vide? ›

Well, if you've ever wondered how restaurants produce high-quality, consistent, and tender meats, they're most likely using low-temperature cooking as the sous vide. Precise temperature control ensures that the protein you have is rarely overcooked.

What should not be sous vide? ›

Produce that no longer looks completely fresh or already smells strange is, of course, no longer suitable for the sous vide procedure. This particularly applies to fish and meat that is cooked at relatively low temperatures.

Is sous vide a safe cooking method Why or why not? ›

The precision temperature control of sous-vide cooking means it actually has the potential to be safer than traditional cooking methods. (This is exactly why one of its first major applications was making hospital food). And most home sous-vide circulators will let you know when you're cooking in the danger zone.

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