What’s that Smell? Cordite vs. Gunpowder vs. Propellant (2024)

TLDR: Avoid depictingcordite, use gunpowder as a default, reference propellant to look like a smarty pants.

What’s that Smell? Cordite vs. Gunpowder vs. Propellant (1)

Modern gunpowder (aka propellant) doesn’t always look like a powder. It’s still OK to call it gunpowder when writing, though.

When articles debunk common firearm tropes in fiction, they usually mention how the “smell of cordite” isn’t in the air after a gunfight. Cordite’s heyday as the substancethat makes a gun gobangstarted in the late 1800s and ended with the close of World War II. That means scenes set after 1945 wouldn’t include cordite.

What isn’t usually explained is a better alternative. Browse the aisles of a sporting goods store (always a good idea when researching guns and knives) and you’ll spot canisters labeled gunpowder, blackpowder, propellant, smokeless powder, blackpowder substitute, muzzleloader powder, Pyrodex® and other proprietary names, and itching powder (wait, turn around, you’ve left the store and wandered into a Three Stooges sketch). They all do about the same thing, so why are there so many kinds?

Different powders are designed for specificpurposes. Some are designed for older firearms that can’t take the extreme pressures of modern powders. Others are high-performance rocket fuel for the latest guns. These commercial powders are used to manufacture ammunition at home or as part of a business. (Yes, that’s legal to do in the civilian world.)

Cheat Sheet

You don’t need to know the specifics to determine the best term to use in your writing. This cheat sheet sums it up nicely, but by no means is an exhaustive list.

Blackpowder/Black Powder (pick one and be consistent) – Use this term in settings from from the dawn of firearms in 9th century China to the 1880s. Antique or vintage-style firearms would use blackpowder after that.

Cordite – Only use in settings fromabout 1889 to 1945. Fun fact: instead of powder, cordite actually looks like tiny spaghetti noodles.

* Gunpowder– A blanket term OK to use in any setting, even if the material isn’t too powder-y. This gets the gold star as the best go-to term. Writing this asgun powder(two words) isn’t common but still acceptable so long as it’s used consistently.

Propellant – Anysubstancethat makes a gun go bangis technically a propellant, but today this usage normally applies to a variety of modern powders that don’t always look powder-y to the eye. Check out the cylinder-shaped grains in the photo at the top for an example. Use propellant if a modern character is exceptionally familiar with firearms or if you want your writing to look hip.

What’s that Smell? Cordite

Although they’re similar, each formula of powder has a distinct aroma to hang in characters’ nostrils. I’ve never caught a whiff of cordite, but you can get the sense of it by sticking your schnoz near some nail polish remover. Acetone is a primary ingredient in both nail polish remover and cordite. I’ve read that cordite smoke is sharp and a little sweet.

Blog readerRalph Schneider wrote to me tooffer this perspective:

Acetone was used (as a solvent, presumably) in the manufacture of cordite, but I doubt that it remained as any part of the finished material itself—so the odor of acetone isn’t present if you take a whiff of the unburned cords (trust me on this), and it certainly would not be a part of the complex of odors present when guns using cordite have been fired.

Recently, as part of an experiment determining the corrosive nature of some primers in modern ammunition, I had occasion to pull the bullets from a couple of rounds of .303 British ammo and empty out the cordite strands. It is pretty much as you described it—looks like short pieces of spaghetti—but a dark tan in color.

What’s that Smell? Blackpowder

Blackpowder smoke is musty and sulfuric. The farther back in history you go, the worse it probably smelled, although I don’t have a source for that. Impurities likely made their way into the powder as people made the stuff in all sorts of conditions. And nothing smells better than burning horse sh*t.

As blog reader Darren pointed out in the comments below, it may be necessary to use the vanilla term “gunpowder” if the character making the referenceto it is in a setting prior to 1884. There wasn’t a need to distinguish “blackpowder” from anything else. It was the only game in town. After smokeless powders came along in 1884, there became a need to tell the difference between the two versions. (Thank you, Darren, for the excellent tip.)

What’s that Smell? Modern Gunpowder/Propellant

Most modern gunpowder/propellant has an acrid bite to it, but it usually isn’t overwhelming. Much depends on the kind of firearm and whether the shooter is indoors or outdoors. There’s a reason indoor gun ranges use high-tech ventilation systems. (OK, sometimes that tech is just a window, but still.)

As for any other unusual smells on the scene, I’m looking at you, dear writer. I won’t judge you unless you blame it on the dog.

Get the Book

What’s that Smell? Cordite vs. Gunpowder vs. Propellant (2)The Writer’s Guide to Weapons: A Practical Reference for Using Firearms and Knives in Fiction (Writer’s Digest Books) comes with everything but the ammo. Pick up a print or digital copy from these fine retailers:

What’s that Smell? Cordite vs. Gunpowder vs. Propellant (2024)

FAQs

Does cordite smell like gunpowder? ›

“Enjoy your books, but wonder why you (and other authors) use 'the smell of cordite,' a gunpowder that was last used in WW2 by the British using leftover obsolete powders in their long weapons. The smell is distinctive, unlike earlier black powder, and not at all like the subsequent gunpowders.

What does gun propellant smell like? ›

The powder itself, smells a bit sulfurous and a bit metallic, mostly sulfur. When it's burned, or fired in a gun, it produces a huge cloud of smoke, including sulfur dioxide and other gases. That smells distinctly like rotten eggs, or like some heavy-duty Taco Bell grade flatulence.

What gas smells like gun powder? ›

Apollo astronauts were specific. Moondust smells like burnt gunpowder.)

What is the smell of gunpowder? ›

A scent that gets you fired up and raring to go, gunpowder isn't the sultry kind of smoky scent that will lull you into a deep sleep. Not at all! It's like walking into a thick fog before being hit with the sharp smoky smell of black crackling powder.

What is the difference between gunpowder and propellant? ›

Gunpowder is a low explosive: it does not detonate, but rather deflagrates (burns quickly). This is an advantage in a propellant device, where one does not desire a shock that would shatter the gun and potentially harm the operator; however, it is a drawback when an explosion is desired.

Is cordite a propellant? ›

Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in Britain since 1889 to replace black powder as a military firearm propellant. Like modern gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance.

Why do I keep smelling gun powder? ›

Phantosmia (phantom smells)

Some people can detect a metallic smell or other odors that can't be smelled by anyone else around them because the smells aren't real. This condition is called phantosmia, an olfactory hallucination that's often triggered by a sinus condition. Other causes include: allergies.

What component of gunpowder smells like rotten eggs 7? ›

Sulfur is a component of black gunpowder, and is used in the vulcanization of natural rubber and a fungicide.

How does cordite smell? ›

According to a quick check under Cordite on Wikipedia: “The smell of Cordite is referenced erroneously in fiction to indicate the recent firing of weapons.” So from now on, unless I am writing a period piece, it will be “The pungent smell of nitroglycerin, sawdust, and graphite swirling in the air.” Or I'll just say, “ ...

Can k9 smell gunpowder? ›

Dog capabilities

They can be trained to find the odors of humans and human remains, fire accelerants, drugs and explosives, including gunpowder. "If the gun is loaded, it will contain gunpowder and the dog will be able to detect that," Ferland said.

Does sulfur smell like gun powder? ›

Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas having a choking smell of gun powder.

Is cordite still used today? ›

Its use was further developed in the early years of World War II, as 2 inch and 3-inch diameter Unrotated Projectiles for launching anti-aircraft weapons. Small Cordite rocket charges were also developed for ejector seats made by the Martin-Baker Company. Cordite is now obsolete and it is no longer produced.

What gas smells like nail polish remover? ›

Refrigerant Leak

If you don't know what acetone smells like off the top of your head, it's sometimes used as a finger nail polish remover, and it's found in some paints and solvents. If you smell acetone in your home, it's a sign that there could be a refrigerant leak.

What does Cordite look like? ›

Fun fact: instead of powder, cordite actually looks like tiny spaghetti noodles.

What replaced Cordite? ›

Cordite is now obsolete and it is no longer produced. It has been replaced by other propellants, such as the Improved Military Rifle (IMR) line of extruded powder or the WC844 ball propellant currently in use in the 5.56 x 45 mm NATO.

What are the smells of chemical weapons? ›

It may smell like mustard, garlic, onions or horseradish; it is yellow-brown in color. Cyanide causes confusion, drowsiness and shortness of breath if inhaled. It also affects the central nervous system.

What is modern gunpowder called? ›

Smokeless powder” is the name given to modern gunpowder commonly used in firearms because it produces much less smoke than the black powder it replaced.

What is the most common propellant? ›

One of the most tractable liquid propellants is gasoline. But while it is comparatively simple to use, gasoline is, of course, highly flammable and must be handled with care.

What are the three types of propellants? ›

Liquid propellants used in rocketry can be classified into three types: petroleum, cryogens, and hypergolic.

Is there a better propellant than gunpowder? ›

Smokeless powder is a type of propellant used in firearms and artillery that produces less smoke and less fouling when fired compared to gunpowder ("black powder").

Did the US Navy use cordite? ›

Cordite N does not appear to have been used as a naval gun propellant in the Royal Navy, but a variation of it was used by the USN (see below).

What is another name for the propellant in a gun? ›

Gunpowder. Although commonly used to describe any firearm propellant, the term gunpowder originally described mixtures of charcoal and sulfur with potassium nitrate as an oxidizing agent.

What gun is the Cordite? ›

The Cordite is a submachine gun featured in Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 and Call of Duty: Mobile.

How far away can you smell gun powder? ›

Depends on what type of firearm that was discharged, modern smokeless powder, most likely no more than 4 to 6 feet away. Black powder on the other hand, smells.

Why am I smelling chemicals that aren't there? ›

Smelling things that aren't there is called phantosmia. It can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it isn't usually serious and may go away by itself in a few weeks or months. See your GP if the strange smell doesn't go away in a few weeks.

What are chemical phantom smells? ›

Phantosmia is a condition that causes you to detect smells that aren't actually in your environment. It can happen in one nostril or both — and the odors may be foul or pleasant. Common causes include colds, allergies, nasal polyps and dental issues. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

What is the black powder that smells like rotten eggs? ›

What is hydrogen sulfide? Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable gas that smells like rotten eggs at low concentration levels in the air.

What propellant is used in modern bullets? ›

Modern small arms propellants all share a common origin, nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose carries the majority of the chemical energy used to propel a projectile from a gun barrel. It is the result of treating cellulose with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Why does my house smell like gunpowder? ›

A gunpowder (or firework) scent typically means you've got a fried circuit board or an overheated fan motor. Either one is a sign that you should turn off your furnace to avoid any further system issues and immediately call an HVAC technician to inspect the situation before turning it on again.

What is the chemical old man smell? ›

As our skin matures, its natural antioxidant protection declines. This decline results in greater oxidation of lipid acid. When lipid acid is oxidized, the chemical compound nonenal is produced, giving off the “old people smell” that many of us are familiar with.

What is the difference between TNT and blackpowder? ›

Detonating explosives, such as TNT and dynamite, are characterized by extremely rapid decomposition and development of high pressure, whereas deflagrating explosives, such as black and smokeless powders, involve merely fast burning and produce relatively low pressures.

What smell does a Anfo have? ›

ANFO is a relatively free-flowing material, consisting of white prills and having a distinctive fuel oil (diesel) smell.

Can a dog smell a gun with no bullets? ›

Even if there is only a single bullet in a gun that has never been shot, the dog will pick up on the scent. It is also likely the dog will pick up on the scent of gunpowder even if there is no bullet in the gun if the gun was fired at any point in time beforehand.

Can a dog smell a gun in a car? ›

Even in a situation where there is only one bullet in a firearm and that gun has never been used, a dog is able to identify this scent. In a situation where a gun has been fired in the past but no longer has any bullets in it, a dog is still able to pick up the scent of the gunpowder.

What can military drug dogs smell? ›

Some of the explosives the dogs are trained to detect include TNT, C-4, smokeless powder, ammonium nitrate, dynamite and water gel. Narcotics dogs can detect marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines and heroin among other drugs.

What powder smells like eggs? ›

Methyl parathion smells like rotten eggs and can leave a yellow stain on areas where it has been sprayed.

What is the ingredient in gunpowder that smells bad? ›

Like all gunpowder prod- ucts, the squib combined foul-smelling ingredients—sulfurous brimstone, coal, and saltpeter—that reeked all the more when detonated.

What is the smell of fireworks called? ›

Most domestic sulfur production comes from Louisiana and Texas, where it is extracted from oil and natural gas;3 it's the sulfur that gives fireworks their characteristic smell.

What is the oldest gun powder? ›

The earliest surviving chemical formula of gunpowder dates to 1044 in the form of the military manual Wujing Zongyao, also known in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics, which contains a collection of factoids on Chinese weaponry.

What is the cleanest burning rifle gunpowder? ›

Vihtavuori powders have a reputation for being some of the cleanest burning powders available. Many competitive shooters use them for that reason, in addition to fulfilling their other needs.

What do modern guns use instead of gunpowder? ›

With time, gunpowder gradually replaced black powder. Today, most modern firearms use smokeless powder. The controlled burn rate of smokeless powder, as well as the reduced fouling, has made it the most extensively utilized type of gun powder.

What gas smells like Windex? ›

This odor is familiar to many people because ammonia is used commonly in cleaning products and smelling salts. Ammonia gas can be dissolved in water. When this happens, it is called liquid ammonia or aqueous ammonia. People most often encounter ammonia as a liquid chemical in cleaning products.

What is the best gas smell remover? ›

8 Ways To Eliminate the Gas Smell in Your Car
  1. Baking Soda. Baking soda is ideal for soaking up foul scents. ...
  2. White Vinegar. White vinegar is another common household ingredient that's great at removing gasoline smells. ...
  3. Cat Litter. ...
  4. Laundry Powder. ...
  5. Coffee Grounds. ...
  6. Cornstarch. ...
  7. Commercial Odor Removers. ...
  8. Air it Out.

Who do I call if I smell acetone in my house? ›

If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.

What is the smell of gunfire? ›

A scent that gets you fired up and raring to go, gunpowder isn't the sultry kind of smoky scent that will lull you into a deep sleep. Not at all! It's like walking into a thick fog before being hit with the sharp smoky smell of black crackling powder.

When was cordite discontinued? ›

No. Cordite has long been out of use both for small arms and artillery. Cordite for small arms was phased out around the WW I era. Not routinely.

Can you smell gunshot residue? ›

The gunpowder “raw” does not smell much… It is a mixture of coal, saltpeter and potassium nitrate that, in solid state, does not give off much odor…

When did cordite replace gunpowder? ›

Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in Britain since 1889 to replace black powder as a military firearm propellant. Like modern gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance.

What guns do not use gunpowder? ›

Non-powder guns, including BB, air, and pellet guns, expel projectiles (usually made of metal or hard plastic) through the force of air pressure, CO2 pressure, or spring action.

What is the strongest smelling chemical? ›

World's Smelliest Substance: Mercaptan | Midland Resource Recovery.

What is the scariest chemical weapon? ›

Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare nerve agent and is one of the most toxic and rapidly acting of known nerve agents. Sarin is also known by the military designation GB.

Why do I keep smelling gunpowder? ›

Phantosmia (phantom smells)

Some people can detect a metallic smell or other odors that can't be smelled by anyone else around them because the smells aren't real. This condition is called phantosmia, an olfactory hallucination that's often triggered by a sinus condition. Other causes include: allergies.

What are the 2 kinds of gunpowder? ›

Most forms of gunpowder produced today are either single-base (i.e., consisting of nitrocellulose alone) or double-base (consisting of a combination of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin).

Why is gunpowder no longer used? ›

Its use in weapons has declined due to smokeless powder replacing it, and it is no longer used for industrial purposes due to its relative inefficiency compared to newer alternatives such as dynamite and ammonium nitrate/fuel oil.

What is toxic propellant? ›

The most poisonous substance currently used as a rocket engine propellant is hydrazine (N2H4) and its variants (the most commonly used being Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine, or UDMH).

What is the most powerful solid propellant? ›

The SLS booster is the largest, most powerful solid propellant booster ever built for flight. Standing 17 stories tall and burning approximately six tons of propellant every second, each booster generates more thrust than 14 four-engine jumbo commercial airliners.

What propellant is in Pam cooking spray? ›

The propellants being used in PAM cooking spray are butane and propane, which can be liquified at room temperature. Butane is used in cigarette lighters. Propane is used for residential heating and in portable stoves.

What is a commonly used propellant? ›

The most common types of propellants used are CO2 and LPG.

What is the best propellant in space? ›

Hydrogen -- a light and extremely powerful rocket propellant -- has the lowest molecular weight of any known substance and burns with extreme intensity (5,500°F).

What is the oldest explosive and propellant known to man? ›

Gunpowder was the first known chemical explosive and propellant.

What propellant was used in battleship guns? ›

Cordite is the propellant chiefly used in Naval guns. It is a mixture of nitroglycerine and nitro-cellulose with a stabiliser or preservative. It is pressed into various shapes which have a brown hornlike appearance and, in the case of tubular cordite, into sticks not unlike macaroni.

What anti tank guns did the US Army use in ww2? ›

The 3-inch gun M5 was an anti-tank gun developed in the United States during World War II. The gun combined a 3-inch (76.2 mm) barrel of the anti-aircraft gun T9 and elements of the 105 mm howitzer M2. The M5 was issued exclusively to the US Army tank destroyer battalions starting in 1943.

What is the oldest propellant? ›

The oldest propellant is black powder. Numerous historical works trace the invention of this powder to the Chinese several millennia ago. From China, the technology spread to Central Asia and was brought to Europe by the Arabs about the middle of the 13th century.

What gun is called the burp gun? ›

Nicknamed the "burp" gun by Commonwealth troops because of the sound it made when fired, the Type 50 was the most widely used weapon within Chinese infantry units. It fired 7.62 mm calibre ammunition fed from either 35-round box magazines or 71-round drum magazines and had an effective range of 200 metres.

Is cordite still used in gunpowder? ›

Its use was further developed in the early years of World War II, as 2 inch and 3-inch diameter Unrotated Projectiles for launching anti-aircraft weapons. Small Cordite rocket charges were also developed for ejector seats made by the Martin-Baker Company. Cordite is now obsolete and it is no longer produced.

What is the sulfur smell in war? ›

The pungent stench of sulfur wrought by exploding gunpowder dominated the battlefields of the Civil War. With the firing of tens of thousands of muskets and hundreds of cannons, the distinct smell of gunpowder rendered even the most floral landscape a wasteland of rotting eggs.

When did cordite stop being used? ›

Cordite – Only use in settings from about 1889 to 1945. Fun fact: instead of powder, cordite actually looks like tiny spaghetti noodles.

What is gunpowder called now? ›

Smokeless powder is the name given to a number of propellants used in firearms and artillery which produce negligible smoke when fired, unlike the older (Gunpowder) black powder which they replaced. Types of smokeless powder include Cordite, Ballistite and, historically, Poudre B.

Which gas smells like burning sulphur? ›

H2S gas has a suffocating smell of burning Sulphur.

What explosive smells like sulfur? ›

Gas companies add a chemical called mercaptan to natural gas and liquid propane, which produces the sulfur-like smell so that you'll know if there's a leak of potentially explosive gas.

Can a dog smell gunpowder? ›

Dog capabilities

They can be trained to find the odors of humans and human remains, fire accelerants, drugs and explosives, including gunpowder. "If the gun is loaded, it will contain gunpowder and the dog will be able to detect that," Ferland said.

Why does my house smell like very strong sulfur? ›

A small gas leak could be creating the occasional foul odor you're noticing, so don't take any chances. Any time you notice a sulfur smell, suspect a gas leak first. Once called, the utility company or fire department will come right out and test your home.

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