Reviewed by James Ives, M.Psych. (Editor)Jan 23 2019
The standard work-up of kidney transplant candidates is complex and includes many medical tests in part because most CKD patients are older and suffer from many comorbidities, for example, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease. According to the Annual Report of the ERA-EDTA Registry, the mean age of patients on renal replacement therapy is 61.5 years. Only 16% of all patients who are dependent on renal replacement therapy are 40 years old or younger (see Figure 1). "Yet these young and, apart from their kidney failure, relatively healthy patients, benefit most from kidney transplantation", comments ERA-EDTA President, Professor Carmine Zoccali, MD (Italy). "Transplantation allows them to lead a normal life and greatly increases their life expectancy as well."
Data from the ERA-EDTA Registry shows that a 35-39-year-old patient on dialysis has a life expectancy of less than 15 years, whilst a patient in the same age group who has received a kidney transplant can expect to live another 30 years. This means that in young patients (under 40), transplantation doubles the remaining life span in comparison with dialysis (see Figure 2)!
"We have to do all we can to get young patients listed for transplantation as soon as possible, preferably pre-emptively", explains Professor Luuk Hilbrands, MD (The Netherlands), Chair of the DESCARTES ("Developing Education Science and Care for Renal Transplantation in European States") working group of the ERA-EDTA.
"The usual medical assessment of transplant recipients is very complex and time-consuming. This is why the DESCARTES working group developed a proposal for the work-up of low-risk kidney transplant candidates. We want to maximize the chance of pre-emptive transplantation for these young and `fit´ patients. Furthermore, a reduced work-up is also cost-effective."
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The working group has defined a low-risk kidney transplant candidate as a patient aged 18-40 years who is prepared to undergo a first kidney transplantation, does not suffer from diabetes or cardiovascular disease or from any abnormalities of the urogenital tract, and who has not been on dialysis for longer than five years. A streamlined process of transplant work-up has been defined for such patients. "Transplant centers striving for cost-effective patient care will hopefully feel supported by this consensus report", explains Professor Hilbrands.
