Cosleeping Around The World - The Natural Child Project (2024)

by James J. McKenna, Ph.D.

For the overwhelming majority of mothers and babies around the globe today, cosleeping is an unquestionedpractice. In much of southern Europe, Asia, Africa and Central and South America, mothers and babiesroutinely share sleep. In many cultures, cosleep­ing is the norm until children are weaned, and some continuelong after weaning. Japanese parents (or grand­parents) often sleep in proximity with their children untilthey are teen­agers, referring to this arrangement as a river - the mother is one bank, the father another,and the child sleeping between them is the water. Most of the present world cultures practice forms ofcosleep­ing and there are very few cultures in the world for which it would ever even be thought acceptableor desirable to have babies sleeping alone.

Cosleeping is actually
more common in the U.S.
than most people believe.

Cosleeping is practiced in a variety of ways around the world. In LatinAmerica, the Philippines, and Vietnam, some parents sleep with their baby in a hammock next to the bed.Others place their baby in a wicker basket in the bed, between the two parents. In Japan, many parents sleepnext to their baby on bamboo or straw mats, or on futons. Some parents simply room-share by putting the babyin a crib or bassinet that is kept within arm's reach of the bed. Most cultures that routinely practicecosleeping, in any form, have very rare instances of SIDS. SIDS occurrences are among the lowest in theworld in Hong Kong, where cosleeping is extremely common.

Cosleeping is actually more common in the U.S. than most peoplebelieve. The typical American home has a room that contains a crib for the baby, and parents report that thebaby sleeps in the crib. Yet when researchers ask specific questions about who sleeps where, it turns outthat the majority of mothers sleep with their young children at least some of most nights. Parents presentthemselves as having babies who sleep alone, following the societal norm of the baby in the baby's room andthe couple in the master bed­room, but that is not an accurate representation of what is really happening.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta collects data that provide infor­mation on all means ofprenatal and well-baby stressors. Through this, we know that cosleep­ing is not unusual for American familiesat all. Roughly 68% of babies enjoyed cosleeping at least some of the time. Further analyses of the datashow us that about 26% of infants coslept "always" or "almost always." Combining themwith the babies who cosleep "some­times," it appears that 44% of US babies from 2-9 months old arecosleeping in an adult bed at any given time.1

As bedsharing and breastfeeding
increased and as maternal smoking
decreased, SIDS rates decreased.

Japan, another industrialized country, not only has one of the lowestinfant mortality rates (less than 3 infants per 1000 live births compared with around 7 for the UnitedStates), but one of the lowest SIDS rates in the world (between .2 and .3 babies per 1000 live birthscompared with approximately .5 per 1000 infants for the US). The Japan SIDS Family Organization reportedthat SIDS rates continue to decline in Japan as maternal smoking approaches practically 0, and exclusivebreast­feeding reaches around 70-75 % . In fact, one report shows that as bed­sharing and breast­feedingincreased and as maternal smoking decreased, SIDS rates decreased. This suggests yet again that it is notnecessarily bed­sharing, but how it is practiced, that can be dangerous.

Interestingly, it may be that Japan­ese bedsharing rates do notdiffer all that much from those in the US, but the cultural acceptance of cosleep­ing as the norm is verydifferent. In 1998, 60% of parents said they practiced bedsharing in Japan, only about 16% more than USparents. This means that the practice of cosleeping does not necessarily vary a great deal from culture toculture, but rather that the social acceptance of cosleeping is what varies.

1 Whiting, J. W. M. (1981). "Environ­mental constraints on infant care practices."Handbook ofCross-Cultural Human Development. R. H. Munroe, R. L. Munroe, and B. B. Whiting, editors. New York: GarlandSTPM Press.

Dr. James J. McKenna is a Professor of Anthropology and the Director of theMother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory,Notre Dame University.

Reprinted with permission of the author fromSleeping With Your Baby: A Parent's Guide To Cosleeping by James J.McKenna (2007).Platypus Press.

Cosleeping Around The World - The Natural Child Project (2024)

FAQs

What countries encourage Cosleeping? ›

Countries such as Sweden, Egypt, and Japan value a child-rearing model of interdependence and hold beliefs that co-sleeping is developmentally beneficial to children.

How common is co-sleeping around the world? ›

Most of the present world cultures practice forms of cosleeping and there are very few cultures in the world for which it would ever even be thought acceptable or desirable to have babies sleeping alone. more common in the U.S. than most people believe. Cosleeping is practiced in a variety of ways around the world.

In which culture is Cosleeping more common? ›

Families in predominantly Asian countries and regions such as Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, or China co-sleep much more frequently than in the United States.

Does AAP recommend Cosleeping? ›

Bed-sharing isn't recommended—under any circ*mstances

The AAP recommends that, until they're six months old, babies should sleep “in the parents' room, close to the parents' bed, but on a separate surface designed for infants,” (i.e. a crib).

Why does Japan have low SIDS? ›

This is because, according to Health 24, some believe that parent-infant contact throughout the night helps infants "overcome the deficits that result in SIDS." Sleeping habits vary by culture, even throughout the very diverse continent of Asia.

Do parents in Japan co-sleep? ›

In Japan, infants and mothers co-sleep as part of common practice since ancient times, and mothers and infants usually sleep in the face-to-face position. As of 2008-2009, at least 70% of infants in Japan reportedly co-sleep with their parents (Shimizu et al. 2014).

At what age is co-sleeping inappropriate? ›

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) takes a strong stance against co-sleeping with children under age 1.

What age should you stop co-sleeping? ›

A pediatrician said co-sleeping should not happen before 12 months and should stop at prepuberty. Co-sleeping can disrupt sleep for both children and parents.

When did humans stop Cosleeping? ›

Prior to the late 1700s cosleeping was the norm in all societies (Davies, 1995). Today in many cultures the practice of cosleeping continues, with babies seen as natural extensions of their mothers for the first one or two years of life, spending both waking and sleeping hours by her side.

Is co-sleeping common in the US? ›

Most parents have a natural inclination to sleep protectively near their babies, and data suggest that cosleeping is on the increase. In 2015, a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey found that more than half (61 percent) of American babies bedshare at least some of the time.

Does most of the world co-sleep? ›

Though sleeping in separate bedrooms has become the norm in the Western world, that does not mean that co sleeping is bad. In fact, studies (like one famously conducted by anthropologist John Whiting) have found that almost 70% of children living around the world sleep in the company of others.

What culture gets the best sleep? ›

According to their data, people in the Netherlands are getting the most rest per night, while folks in Singapore and Japan are getting the least.

What does research say about cosleeping? ›

Co-sleeping (aka bed sharing) is not endorsed by the AAP. This decision is based on research showing that bed sharing with babies results in a higher rate of SIDS. The risk of SIDS is even higher if you smoke, drink alcohol before bedtime, or take medicines that make it harder to wake up.

What does the American Academy of Pediatrics say about co-sleeping? ›

AAP recommends that parents sleep in the same room – but not in the same bed as a baby, preferably for at least the first six months.

What do pediatricians say about co-sleeping? ›

American Academy of Pediatrics warns parents against 'co-sleeping' with infants. The safest place for an infant to sleep is in a crib or bassinet next to their parents' bed.

What is the number 1 cause of SIDS? ›

While the cause of SIDS is unknown, many clinicians and researchers believe that SIDS is associated with problems in the ability of the baby to arouse from sleep, to detect low levels of oxygen, or a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. When babies sleep face down, they may re-breathe exhaled carbon dioxide.

Why do pacifiers reduce SIDS? ›

As outlined in the review, pacifier use during sleep may improve autonomic control of breathing, airway patency, or both. Further, it has been hypothesized that the pacifier could prevent accidental rolling leading to less risk of SIDS.

Why does breastfeeding reduce SIDS? ›

Oftentimes, babies who succumb to SIDS have had a “minor infection” in the days before death. Infants' immune systems are immature, and breast milk helps to provide necessary antibodies to fight infections such as RSV, which can contribute to inflammation and lead to SIDS. Breastfeeding promotes safer sleep.

Is co-sleeping common in China? ›

Sleeping in the same bed as their parents is very common in young Chinese children, being present in up to 79% of pre-school children and 53% of school-aged children. It is socially acceptable to Chinese parents as a natural part of the child-rearing process.

Do Asians Cosleep? ›

Co-sleeping on mats on the floor is a cultural norm in Asia, where the family traditionally co-sleeps together in the same room. Mats are brought out at night, then stored during the day so the same room is both a living room and a sleeping room,” Harkness said.

How did cavemen babies sleep? ›

Babies often slept with grandmothers or ayahs, giving mothers the chance to sleep at night and therefore to eliminate the need for 'sleep training'. Kids were commonly hand-fed by members of the extended family, or by hired help, until they naturally began to eat by themselves.

Is it OK for a 7 year old to sleep with parents? ›

Co-sleeping is not recommended, but a 7-year-old child sleeping with parents is considered normal in many families and cultures. The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) warns against co-sleeping at any age, especially if the infant is younger than four months.

Is it OK for 5 year old to sleep with parents? ›

Answer: In my opinion, there is nothing wrong with letting children crawl into bed with their parents. Babies and young children have a legitimate need for closeness during the night, and I recommend letting them sleep with their parents until they reach an age at which they no longer request this.

Is it OK for a 10 year old to sleep with parents? ›

Dr. Basora-Rovira says, “The recommendation overall is that kids should sleep on their own, on their own surface, in their own room.” If the family makes the choice of co-sleeping, they should practice safe sleep practices and co-sleep consistently.

Is it unhealthy for a child to sleep with their parents? ›

After 12 months, there is no proven risk of harm. There is no evidence that bed-sharing produces children who are more spoiled or dependent. Proven harm to parents. Several studies have shown that more than half of the children who sleep with their parents resist going to bed and awaken several times during the night.

Does co-sleeping cause separation anxiety? ›

Cosleeping doesn't cause separation anxiety, but if your child cannot be without you at night without having a breakdown, I think you should work towards some independence at bedtime).

Is it normal for 8 year old to sleep with parents? ›

There is nothing wrong with cuddling your eight-year-old in bed and, on occasion, sleeping with them for comfort when they're stressed or ill,” says Janet Morrison, a psychological associate from Toronto who assesses children, adolescents and families.

Why don't Americans bedshare? ›

Abstract: Bedsharing in Western cultures is often looked down upon and considered socially inappropriate. In the younger ages, safety fears run rampant, but even when these fears subside, bedsharing remains taboo.

Why is Cosleeping discouraged? ›

Mother–infant co-sleeping or bed sharing is discouraged by health organisations due to evidence that it is associated with unexplained sudden infant death. On the other hand, there is evidence that it should theoretically be beneficial for infants.

Why is co-sleeping so controversial? ›

It increases the risk of SIDS and suffocation

Parents or objects (like pillows or blankets) may unknowingly roll onto the baby at night, leading to injury, suffocation, or death. The AAP says co-sleeping is especially dangerous if the baby is younger than 4 months, was born prematurely, or had a low birth weight.

Is co-sleeping normal in Japan? ›

Soine (co-sleeping) is a common practice in Japanse families, with parents sharing sleeping spaces with children until around the age of ten. When explaining what soine means to them, families emphasise the importance of anshinkan.

Do Japanese babies sleep in cribs? ›

You should also always make sure your baby is on its back, not their side or front, sleeping in the hammock, and as baby grows and learns how to roll over, they should be transferred to a cot or crib. In Japan, babies aren't sleeping in hammocks, but they aren't in cribs either.

What percentage of parents sleep with their kids? ›

In fact, 62% of parents said they co-sleep so their families get more sleep, while another 62% said they do so because they want to make their kids feel safe and secure. Just over half, 52%, cited bonding with their infants as to why they share a bed.

Why do American babies sleep alone? ›

It is a common habit in the US, because it is/was believed that everyone would get more sleep and sleep better that way, that it will lead to a child who is more independent, and just because it has been customary/traditional for the past few decades.

Who live longer people who sleep less or more? ›

There was a 65% higher death rate for people who regularly slept less than 5 hours on all nights, compared with people who regularly slept 6 to 7 hours per night. There was a 25% higher death rate for people who averaged 8 hours or more of sleep on all nights.

What country has the highest SIDS rate? ›

These decreases range from 40% in Argentina to 86% in France. The highest SIDS rates in 1990 (>2.0/1000 live births) were in Ireland, New Zealand, and Scotland. More recently, the highest SIDS rates (>0.5/1000 live births) are in New Zealand and the United States.

What time do most Americans go to bed? ›

An overview of the data

Americans spend an average of 7 hours and 18 minutes in bed each night. They go to bed at 11:39 p.m., wake up at 7:09 a.m., spend 23.95 minutes snoring, have an average sleep quality of 74.2 percent, and rate their wake-up mood at 57 on a scale of 100.

What is the best time to sleep in America? ›

Research suggests the ideal time to go to sleep is 10 p.m. But you should focus more on having a consistent schedule and routine when it comes to hitting the hay.

How many hours do Chinese sleep? ›

According to the Chinese Sleep Research Report 2022, the average sleep time of Chinese decreased from 8.5 hours in 2012 to 7.06 hours in 2021, a reduction of 1.5 hours. Only 35 percent Chinese can get eight hours of sleep.

What countries recommend Cosleeping? ›

Countries such as Sweden, Egypt, and Japan value a child-rearing model of interdependence and hold beliefs that co-sleeping is developmentally beneficial to children.

Is it normal for a 4 year old to sleep with parents? ›

It is natural for babies and children to want to sleep with their parents, or very close to them. It is a primal response. Look at young dependent mammals – they all sleep next to their parents/mother.

Does co-sleeping stunt development? ›

They found that co-sleeping during the toddler years does not negatively affect development by the age of 5. It's important to note that researchers also found no developmental benefit to children from co-sleeping.

Are co-sleeping babies happier? ›

Physical contact, in close cosleeping, helps babies to "breathe more regularly, use energy more efficiently, grow faster, and experience less stress," says McKenna. Babies, too, who are not necessarily breastfed, as in the case of adoption, will also naturally reap the many other benefits of such close contact.

Is the Merlin sleep suit AAP approved? ›

The Magic Sleepsuit is to be used with the ABC's of sleep (Alone, Back and Crib), and following all the AAP recommended guidelines for safe sleep.

What are the long term effects of co-sleeping? ›

For example, co-sleeping during the school-aged years has been associated with problems initiating sleep, less nighttime sleep, more daytime sleepiness, more bedtime resistance, increased nighttime awakenings, and greater levels of sleep anxiety (Blader et al.

Do some cultures co-sleep? ›

Co-sleeping is the usual practice in preindustrial societies around the world where there are no special beds for babies to sleep safely by themselves. Co-sleeping on mats on the floor is a cultural norm in Asia, where the family traditionally co-sleeps together in the same room.

Do Germans co-sleep? ›

In Germany, babies go into a Beistellbettt, which literally translates into “bedside bed.” Its a crib with three sides that attaches to Mum's side of the bed, allowing everyone to sleep together but in their own space.

Why do Korean kids sleep with their parents? ›

Hoyoung An, MD, who write in Sleep Medicine Research, Korea's tradition of co-sleeping stems from not only its parenting philosophies, which prioritize family care over individual privacy but also its home design and architecture.

Which country does not sleep at night? ›

According to a survey by Sleep Cycle, an app that tracks sleep hours, the top three sleep-deprived countries are South Korea and Saudi Arabia getting just under 6.5 hours per night on average and the sleepiest country Japan clocking in a few winks above 6.25 hours.

Why do so many people co-sleep? ›

What do supporters of co-sleeping say the benefits are? Advocates say that bed-sharing makes it easier to breastfeed at night and helps babies and parents get more sleep overall. Some say the added snuggle time can help you feel closer to your baby, too.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Nicola Considine CPA

Last Updated:

Views: 6362

Rating: 4.9 / 5 (49 voted)

Reviews: 80% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Nicola Considine CPA

Birthday: 1993-02-26

Address: 3809 Clinton Inlet, East Aleisha, UT 46318-2392

Phone: +2681424145499

Job: Government Technician

Hobby: Calligraphy, Lego building, Worldbuilding, Shooting, Bird watching, Shopping, Cooking

Introduction: My name is Nicola Considine CPA, I am a determined, witty, powerful, brainy, open, smiling, proud person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.