Corrections & Clarifications: An earlier version of this story improperly attributed a quote.
We use wearables to count calories, measure heart rates and even rate our quality of sleep.
With healthier livingin mind, we purchase kid-friendly versions for our children and step-counting options for grandparents.Apple Watches, Fitbits andother fitness trackers are everywhere asdata-obsessed users tapaway at tiny screens from the gymtothe doctor's office.
It's clear that consumerslove wearables and the information they provide – but do physicians?
Doctors have mixed views on how patients gather and present information from gadgets with quasi-medical aspirations. Most say its a plus that patients can collectand curate more health-related data than ever before. However, bringing printed out pages of calories burned or counted steps to your next checkup isn't exactly advised.
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Information overload
In fact, itbecomes "just a data dump" at the clinician's office,according toNeelChokshi, medical director of the sports cardiology and fitness program at Penn Medicine, which hasconducted several studies on the relationship between consumers and their wearable devices.
Chokshi said some ofthe information provided by wearablesis actually useful for physicians,but most of it is not.
"My hypothesis is (fitness trackers)can be useful for doctors. We just haven’t figured out how to use them quite yet," Chokshi said.Though the devices have been marketed as self-help health tools for consumers, "we haven't’ really told doctors how to use this information. Doctors weren't trained on this in medical school."
A story published in the MIT Technology Review echoed Chokshi's sentiments, findingthat doctors from a number of specialtiesare unsurewhat to do with data such as counted steps.
Apple users have access to the Health app,and developers can utilize theHealthKit platform, which offers the ability to track healthdata including medicalrecords, lab results and medications downloaded directly from medical institutions. Android users have Google Fit to help them and their doctors analyze personal health trends.
Products from FitBit, Garminand otherscan monitor a user’s heart rate and notify if it goes too high or too low, and there are several astounding stories out there of fitness trackersalerting people of sudden medical emergencies.
These benefits to patients are often seen only in extreme cases when the device is charged and worn long enough to identify a person's irregular heartbeat.
Unfortunately, the information isn't easy for doctors tomake sense of.
"Asclinicians, it can be challenging because these tracings are not very clear. Some can be challenging to interpret. Other times, patients may really inundate (staff) with a lot of tracings to look at," said Shon Chakrabarti, an interventional cardiologist and medicaldirector at Abiomed, whichmanufactures medical devices for people with heart problems.
Accuracy
Then there’s the looming question of accuracy.
Heart rate measurements, which are a crown jewel of almost allfitness trackers, tend to be the most accurate metric across wearables, according to aStanford study that examined the precisionof theApple Watch, Basis Peak, Fitbit Surge, Microsoft Band, Mio Alpha 2, PulseOn and the Samsung Gear S2.
There's still lots of room for technological errorbecause thetrackersmeasure a person's heart rate on thewrist rather than closer to thechest, and readings can beskewed bymovement and sweat.
None of the seven devices measured energy expenditure (or calories burned) accurately, the study found. Most wearable fitness trackers, exceptApple Watch Series 4'sEKG and irregular rhythm notification features, are not cleared by the FDA or approved to diagnose or treat any conditions, so doctors are wary about using the data to treat patients.
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"I’d like to see significantly morelarge-scale, peer-reviewed studies validating the accuracy of the data before we start basing care decisions on the data," saidRipley Hollister, a family medicine specialist who is a board member of the Physicians Foundation.
Hollister said race, weightand even pregnancy can skew the data provided by fitness trackers.
What doctors do care about is streamlined data integration and information that is clinically actionable, Chakrabarti said. Patients who come into the office with accurate and reliable data about their underlying condition or symptomscould speed things up during medical emergencies.
"A lot of my patients are very regimented folks, and they would keep spreadsheets even if they didn’t have an Apple Watch. The only way we can improve is if we measure," said Chakrabarti, who treats a wide range of cardiovascular diseases.
Companies have begun providing AI-backed services that help doctors comb through mountains of medical data provided by wearables such as the Apple Watch,cutting down the noise in their day-to-day practice. FDA-approved Cardiologs, for example, uses cloud technology and AI to help doctors make actionable decisions based on detailed heart readings.
The founder of Cardiologs, Yann Fleureau, told USA TODAY that fitness trackers are seen as "pre-clinical devicesthat enablepatients to get to the doctor and start relevant care." Doctors seem to be OK with their patients' affinities with wearables, as long as they recognizethat the gadgets are noncertified and that the data is nonclinical.
Both Chakrabarti and Hollister wear Apple Watches.
"All patients should feel empowered to manage their lifestyle with what works best for them," Hollister said. "But whether or not (wearables)lead to improved health outcomes outside of cardiovascular activity remains to be seen."
Follow Dalvin Brown on Twitter: @Dalvin_Brown
