How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem (2024)

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How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem (1) How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem (2)

How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem (3)

Reuters

It wasn't that long ago that Nike was being shamed in public for its labor practices to the point where it badly tarnished the company's image and hurt sales.

The recentfactory collapse in Bangladeshwas a reminder that even though Nike managed to turn around its image, large parts of the industry still haven't changed much at all.

Nike was an early target for the very reason it's been so successful. Its business model wasbased on outsourcing its manufacturing, using the money it saved on aggressive marketing campaigns.

Nike has managed toturn its imagearound.Nike hasn't been completely successful in bringing factories into line,but there's no denying that the company has executed one of the greatest image turnarounds in recent decades.

Here's the timeline of how Nike became a global symbol of abusive labor practices, then managed to turn things around:

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  • After prices rose and labor organized in Korea and Taiwan, Nike begins to urge contractors to move to Indonesia, China, and Vietnam.
  • 1991: Problems start in 1991 when activist Jeff Ballinger publishes a report documenting low wages and poor working conditions in Indonesia.
  • Nike first formally responds to complaints with a factorycode of conduct.
  • 1992: Ballinger publishes an exposé of Nike.His Harper's articlehighlights an Indonesian worker who worked for a Nike subcontractor for 14 cents an hour, less than Indonesia's minimum wage, and documented other abuses.
  • 1992-1993:Protestsat the Barcelona Olympics in 1992, CBS' 1993 interview of Nike factory workers, and Ballinger's NGO "Press For Change" provokes a wave of mainstream media attention.
  • 1996: Kathy Lee Gifford's clothing line is shown to be made by children in poor labor conditions. Her teary apology and activism makes it a national issue.
  • 1996: Nike establishes a departmenttasked with working to improve the lives of factory laborers.
  • 1997: Efforts at promotion become occasions for public outrage. The company expands its "Niketown" retail stores, only to see increasing protests. Sports media begin challenging spokespeople like Michael Jordan.
  • Abuses continue to emerge, like a report that alleging that a Vietnamese sub-contractor ran women outside until they collapsed for failing to wear regulation shoes.
  • Nike tasks diplomat and activist Andrew Young withexamining its labor practices abroad. His reportiscriticized for being soft on Nike. Critics object to the fact that he didn't address low wages, used Nike interpreters to translate, and was accompanied by Nike officials on factory visits. Since Young's report was largely favorable, Nike is quick to publicize it, which increases backlash.
  • 1997:College studentsaround the country began protesting the company.
  • 1998: Nike faces weak demand and unrelenting criticism. It has to lay off workers, and begins to realize it needs to change.
  • The real shift beginswith a May 1998 speechby then-CEO Phil Knight.“The Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse,” Knight said. “I truly believe the American consumer doesn’t want to buy products made under abusive conditions.”
  • At that speech, he announces Nike will raise the minimum age of workers; significantly increase monitoring; and will adapt U.S. OSHA clean air standards in all factories.
  • 1999: Nike begins creatingthe Fair Labor Association, a non-profit group that combines companies, and human rights and labor representatives to establish independent monitoring and a code of conduct, including a minimum age and a 60-hour work week, and pushes other brands to join.
  • 2002-2004: The company performssome 600 factory audits between 2002 and 2004, including repeat visits to problematic factories.
  • 2004:Human rights activists acknowledgethat increased monitoring efforts at least deal with some of the worst problems, like locked factory doors and unsafe chemicals, but issues still remain.
  • 2005: Nike becomes the first in its industry to publish a complete list of the factories it contracts with.
  • 2005: Nike publishesa detailed 108-page reportrevealing conditions and pay in its factories and acknowledging widespread issues, particularly in its south Asian factories.
  • 2005-Present: The company continues to post its commitments, standards, and audit data as part of its corporate social responsibility reports.

Nike wasn't the only or worst company to use sweatshops. But it was the one everybody knew.

Transparency doesn't change ongoingreports of abuses, still-low wages, or tragedies like the one in Bangladesh.

But by becoming a leader instead of denying every allegation, Nike has mostly managed to put the most difficult chapter in it's history behind it and other companies who outsource could stand to learn a few things from Nike's turnaround.

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How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem (2024)

FAQs

How Nike Solved Its Sweatshop Problem? ›

Nike raised the minimum age of its workers and increased monitoring of overseas factories. 1999 - Nike launches the Fair Labor Association, a not-for-profit group that combines company and human rights representatives to establish a code of conduct and monitor labour conditions.

How did Nike solve the sweatshop problem? ›

From 1999 to 2005, Nike performed factory audits and took many measures to improve labour practices. Since 2005, the company also published annual reports to be transparent about its labour working conditions. Nike continues to reinforce its ethical image through Corporate Social Responsibility strategies.

What was Nike's response to the sweatshop scandal? ›

Beginning in 2002, Nike began auditing its factories for occupational health and safety. The backlash and its public relations impact forced the company to change methods, improve conditions, and implement social responsibility reports in 2005. Nike has since began initiatives to improve their factory conditions.

How did Nike rebuild their reputation? ›

By actively working towards resolving the issues that led to the crisis, Nike showcased their commitment to change and rebuilding consumer trust. Nike's willingness to take responsibility for their mistakes was a significant factor in their recovery.

Is Nike still abusing workers in sweatshops? ›

In March 2020, a damning report from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute revealed that the Chinese government was forcing hundreds of young Uyghur women to produce Nike shoes in the Taekwang factory in Laixi City. Nike says the factory has stopped using forced labor.

Where did Nike go wrong ethically? ›

Questions regarding supply chain ethics have plagued Nike since the early '90s. Concerning Nike's connection to forced labor, child labor, and sweatshops, problems arose when the company advised contractors to move to Indonesia, China, and Vietnam after a price jump in Korea and Taiwan, per a 2013 Insider piece.

How much do Nike sweatshop workers get paid? ›

They compare the work at Nike with the way they lived before, or the way their parents or neighbours still work. And the facts are revealing. The average pay at a Nike factory close to Ho Chi Minh is $54 a month, almost three times the minimum wage for a state-owned enterprise.

How have Nike tried to improve their image? ›

Nike's promotion strategy is focused on creating strong, emotional connections with their customers through advertising, sponsorships, and events. They use a variety of marketing channels, such as television, social media, and influencer marketing, to reach their target audience and build brand awareness.

What are Nike pledges to end child labor? ›

All Nike shoe factories would meet US air quality standards. The minimum age would be raised to 18 for workers in Nike shoe factories and 16 those in for clothing factories. Nike would include non-governmental organisations in factory monitoring, and the company would make inspection results public.

How has Nike improved working conditions? ›

Nike was initially slow to respond in the '90s—but under increasing pressure, it eventually made some changes by improving its monitoring efforts, raising the minimum age of workers, and increasing factory audits. Since then, the brand has earned plaudits for many of its efforts.

What is being done to end sweatshops? ›

DEPARTMENT OF STATE ANTI-SWEATSHOP INITIATIVE.

The Department of State will provide $3.9 million in grants to support private sector efforts to eliminate abusive working conditions and protect the health, safety, and rights of workers overseas.

Who is fighting against sweatshops? ›

International Labor Rights Forum

The ILRF is a U.S. based organization that advocates for just and humane treatment of workers worldwide. Projects include ending child labor, protecting the rights for working women, ending sweatshop conditions, and protecting works' ability to organize.

How did Nike recover from the sweatshop scandal? ›

How did Nike recover? A major shift happened when CEO Phil Knight delivered a speech in May 1998. He admitted the existence of unfair labour practices in Nike's production facilities and promised to improve the situation by raising the minimum wage, and ensuring all factories had clean air.

Why was Nike Just Do It so successful? ›

One of the key factors that made “Just Do It” so successful was its simplicity. The slogan was short, catchy, and easy to remember, making it perfect for print and TV advertising. But beyond that, it tapped into something deeper in the psyche of consumers.

How does Nike give back to society? ›

We support individuals of all abilities.

At Nike, our mission statement includes the phrase, “If you have a body, you are an athlete.” In FY22, we recognized—and donated a total of $625,000 to—to 13 nonprofits that educate people about disabilities and celebrate the contributions of those with different ability levels.

What did Nike do to improve working conditions? ›

Nike raised the minimum age of its workers and increased monitoring of overseas factories. 1999 - Nike launches the Fair Labor Association, a not-for-profit group that combines company and human rights representatives to establish a code of conduct and monitor labour conditions.

What is Nike doing about child labor? ›

Nike specifically and directly forbids the use of child labor in facilities contracted to make Nike products. The Nike Code of Conduct requires that workers must be at least 16 years of age, or past the national legal age of compulsory schooling and minimum working age, whichever is higher.

How does Nike manage ethical issues? ›

By disclosing its supply chain, Nike believes it can be more successful at monitoring and making changes once issues have been uncovered not only in its own factories, but also on an industry-wide basis. The company hopes that by disclosing its own supply chain, it can encourage other companies to do the same.

What has Nike done to improve its image? ›

Another aspect that sets Nike apart is its strategic partnerships and collaborations. By teaming up with athletes, celebrities, and influential figures in the sports industry, Nike has been able to leverage their star power and credibility to further enhance its brand image.

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